摘要
为研究酸性镉(Cd)污染土壤安全利用问题,以陕西商洛轻中度Cd污染农田为研究对象,分别施加生石灰、生物炭和钙镁磷肥,通过小麦-玉米轮作试验,探究不同用量钝化剂对Cd污染土壤的安全利用效果,筛选出最佳的钝化剂配比.结果表明:(1)通过钝化剂的施加,能不同程度地改善土壤质量.(2)施用钝化剂后,小麦和玉米的籽粒产量均有不同程度地提高.(3)3种钝化剂可有效地提升土壤pH值和降低土壤有效态Cd含量,生石灰2340 kg·hm^(-2)(C3)处理效果最佳,分别增加小麦和玉米土壤pH 1.453和1.717单位,减少有效态Cd含量34.38%和30.20%.(4)施加生物炭1800 kg·hm^(-2)(B2)处理对降低小麦根系、秸秆和籽粒Cd含量效果最好,较CK分别显著降低了53.60%、38.86%和52.96%,其小麦籽粒ω(Cd)降低至0.09 mg·kg^(-1),低于《食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量》(GB 2762-2017)中规定的小麦Cd限量值(0.1 mg·kg^(-1));施加生物炭1260 kg·hm^(-2)(B1)处理对降低玉米根系、秸秆和籽粒Cd含量综合效果最佳,较CK分别显著降低43.74%、53.20%和94.57%,其玉米籽粒ω(Cd)降低至0.0019mg·kg^(-1),远低于《食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量》(GB 2762-2017)中规定的玉米Cd限量值(0.1 mg·kg^(-1)).因此,在田间试验条件下,综合考虑各项指标的影响,生物炭在轻中度Cd污染的小麦-玉米轮作区农田土壤效果最好.
In order to study the safe utilization of acid cadmium(Cd)contaminated soil,light and moderate Cd-contaminated farmland in Shangluo,Shaanxi Province was taken as the research object,and lime,biochar,and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer were applied.Through the wheat-maize rotation experiment,the safe utilization effect of different amounts of passivator on Cd-contaminated soil was explored,and the best ratio of passivator was selected.The results showed that:①the soil quality could be improved to varying degrees by applying the passivator.②After the application of amendments,the grain yield of wheat and maize increased to different degrees.③The lime 2340 kg·hm^(-2)(C3)treatment had the best effect,which increased the soil pH of wheat and corn by 1.453 and 1.717 units,respectively,and reduced the available Cd content by 34.38% and 30.20%,respectively.④The application of biochar 1800 kg·hm^(-2)(B2)treatment had the best effect on reducing the Cd contents in wheat roots,straws,and grains,which were significantly reduced by 53.60%,38.86%,and 52.96%,respectively,compared with that in CK.The Cd content in wheat grains was reduced to 0.09 mg·kg^(-1),which was lower than the limit value of wheat Cd(0.1 mg·kg^(-1))specified in the“National food safety standard food pollutant limit”(GB 2762-2017).The application of the biochar 1260 kg·hm^(-2)(B1)treatment had the best comprehensive effect on reducing the Cd contents of maize roots,straws,and grains,which were significantly reduced by 43.74%,53.20%,and 94.57%,respectively,compared with that in CK.The Cd content of maize grains was reduced to 0.0019 mg·kg^(-1),which was far lower than the limit value of maize Cd(0.1 mg·kg^(-1))specified in the"National food safety standard food pollutant limit"(GB 2762-2017).Therefore,under the conditions of the field experiment,considering the influence of various indexes,biochar had the best effect on farmland soil in the wheat-maize rotation area with mild to moderate Cd pollution.
作者
王晓晶
张东明
曹阳
吕家珑
代允超
WANG Xiao-jing;ZHANG Dong-ming;CAO Yang;LU Jia-long;DAI Yun-chao(Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,College of Resources and Environment,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China)
出处
《环境科学》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第2期1098-1106,共9页
Environmental Science
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(42007303)
陕西省农业科技创新驱动项目(NYKJ-2022-YL(XN)39)
陕西省农业协同创新与推广联盟重大科技项目(LMZD202106)。
关键词
轻中度镉污染
农田
小麦玉米轮作
钝化剂
安全利用
mild to moderate cadmium pollution
farmland
wheat and corn rotation
passivator
safe utilization
