摘要
面对环境治理和气候变化等全球性议题,近期欧盟出台了一系列具有域外效应的单边立法,呈现出环境政策与经贸工具相结合、域内实施与域外效应相结合、自愿实施与强制义务相结合的多重趋势。欧盟法域外效应是欧盟应对域外环境和气候问题的重要方式,在形成机制上具有直接规制对象、调整范围的域外延伸和域外治理目标三个层次。域外效应根植于欧盟对内政策和法律基础的对外维度和国际规则导向,基于域内行为体的法律实施,间接实现域外的治理目标,但实际效果仍取决于第三国的态度。具有域外效应的欧盟《碳边境调节机制条例》和《公司可持续性尽责指令提案》等单边立法对当前中国加强涉外法治建设具有借鉴意义,并为中欧加强绿色转型领域的多边与双边合作提供了可能性,但应对其负面效应保持警惕。
This article contends that extraterritorial effects feature in recent EU legislation in the domain of Green Transition.As a response to global issues like environmental governance and climate change,the EU has recently introduced a set of unilateral environmental legislation,in which non-economic policies are deeply embedded in external trade rules by harnessing access to the internal market and supply chain to externalise its sustainability stand ards.Taking the examples of the EU’s Regulation on Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism(CBAM)and the proposed Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive(CSDDD),we find that these laws seek to address environmental problems in third countries and influence the behaviours of foreign actors.They regulate certain actors within the EU but take related foreign circumstances into account,such as pollution and environmental damages occurred in third countries.The extraterritorial effects of EU law,of which the legal basis is fuelled by the external dimension of the EU’s internal policy and international-rule orientation,rely on a similar mechanism,which consists of three consecutive phases,that is,the Directly Regulated Actors,the Extraterritorial Extension of the Applicable Scope,and the External Objectives.On this basis,this article concludes that this extended-range mechanism can provide insights into how the EU utilises its normative power to address cross-border environmental problems and promote sustainability standards internationally and in third countries.It is suggested that China use this kind of mechanism for reference in developing its own foreign-related legal system.Moreover,the EU’s Green Transition may offer policy potentials for promoting bilateral cooperation between China and the EU in collaboratively combating environmental and climate challenges.However,China should be mindful of the potential negative spill-over effects arising from these unilateral legal tools.
作者
叶斌
杨昆灏
YE Bin;YANG Kunhao
出处
《欧洲研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第6期34-57,I0002,I0003,共26页
Chinese Journal of European Studies
