摘要
作为一种新型权利类型,NFT属于民法和刑法共同保护的对象。NFT民事权利性质的确立,为刑事法益的识别提供内在依据与外在边界。在民事权利性质的讨论中,新型权利说的分离视角导致NFT的权利内容和边界不明;债权说将NFT作为网络技术服务合同的客体,但NFT与债权客体在管领支配、转让规则与救济方法等方面都存在差异;信息化时代的物权客体不局限于有体物,权利人对NFT具有排他性支配力,属于物权的客体。NFT具有经济价值性和事实上的支配可能性,属于刑法保护的财产性利益。NFT是数据的功能性体现,非法获取NFT的行为未侵害数据安全法益,不构成数据犯罪。NFT是知识产权的价值载体,区别于知识产权犯罪的客体。非法获取NFT的行为排除原权限,建立新支配状态,符合财产性利益盗窃的构造。
Non-fungible tokens(NFTs),as a novel form of rights,fall under the purview of both civil and criminal law protection.The recognition of the civil nature of NFT rights serves as an intrinsic foundation and external boundary for discerning criminal interests.In the discourse surrounding the civil attributes of NFT rights,the divergence in perspectives stemming from the“new rights theory”has engendered ambiguity concerning the delineation of NFT rights’substance and scope.The“creditor’s rights theory”,which views NFTs as the object of network technology service contracts,tends to overlook the disparities in control,transfer rules,and remedies between NFTs and conventional creditor’s rights.In the era of digitalization,property subjects extend beyond physical assets.Right-holders exercise exclusive control over NFTs,rendering them subjects of property rights.NFTs possess economic value and practical dominion,thus qualifying as property interests protected under criminal law.Illegitimate acquisition of NFTs,since it does not compromise data security interests,does not amount to a datarelated offense.NFTs symbolize functional aspects of data and serve as carriers of intellectual property value,thereby distinguishing them from subjects of intellectual property offenses.Conversely,the illicit procurement of NFTs results in the nullification of original ownership,establishing a novel regime of control,which aligns with the construct of property interest theft.
作者
刘哲石
LIU Zheshi(School of Law,Southeast University,Nanjing Jiangsu 211102,China)
出处
《北京理工大学学报（社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2024年第2期102-112,共11页
Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology：Social Sciences Edition
基金
国家社科基金重大招标课题“数字经济的刑事安全风险防范体系建构研究”(21&ZD209)
国家建设高水平大学公派研究生项目(202106090222)。
关键词
NFT
物权
财产性利益
数据犯罪
non-fungible token
property rights
property interests
data crime
