摘要
本文主要从称名视角出发,通过汉语中的多义单纯词和合成词展现了围绕着|日|和|月|的概念关系。我们发现单纯词|月|缺乏其他的概念来源,而以合成词表达的|月|有较为丰富的源概念,除闽语(拟人突显)外大部分方言呈现出光照突显的特点;由单纯词表达的|日|的源概念具有光热突显的特点,而合成词表达的|日|的概念来源呈现出更显著的方言差异。单纯词和合成词呈现的概念关联共同证明,语素/词的替换可能会导致语义引申方向发生变化,普遍概念关联只是为语义演变提供可能路径,实际演变方向由语素自身的语义结构决定。因此关于概念关系的研究有必要对已有的基于同词化的概念网络进行扩展,应更多地关注语素层面的多义性,并将概念的不同称名机制整合进概念关联的网络,以更好地解释词汇变化的理据性。
In this paper,we explore the conceptual relationship related to the sun and the moon from an onomasiological perspective.We achieve this by conducting a statistical analysis of polysemous monosyllabic words and dialectal compound words in Chinese.Our analysis has revealed several key findings:First,we observed that the monosyllabic form of‘MOON'tends to have impoverished source concepts,whereas‘MOON'expressed using compound words exhibits richer source concepts.It is worth noting that the concept of‘MOON'generally exhibits illumination prominence in most dialects,with the exception of Min,which presents an anthropomorphic prominence.Secondly,when examining‘SUN',we found that monosyllabic forms tend to be associated with source concepts related to light and heat,while the compound forms of‘sUN'display more significant dialectal variations concerning the prominent source concepts.Our research demonstrates that morpheme substitution can influence the direction of semantic derivation.While universal conceptual associations offer potential paths for semantic change,the actual direction of change varies with the semantic structure of the morpheme itself.In light of these findings,we argue for an extension of the existing conceptual network based on colexification.It is imperative to consider polysemy at the morpheme level and incorporate various onomasiological mechanisms into the network of conceptual associations.This holistic approach will enhance our understanding of the motivations behind lexical changes.
出处
《语言学论丛》
2024年第1期146-160,共15页
Essays on Linguistics
基金
北京市社会科学基金重大项目“多语接触与中介语演化机制”(20ZDA20)
教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“面向语言生态学的语言接触知识库研究”(#22JJD740002)
国家社科基金重大招标课题“中国民族音乐文化与语言数据集成及共演化研究”(22&ZD218)以及北京大学中文系李小凡方言学奖资助。
关键词
认知称名
方言差异
日月
构词方式
多义性单位
语义演变
cognitive onomasiology
dialectal variation
sun&moon
word formation
unit of polysemy
semantic shift
