摘要
目的分析2019—2022年宁夏学生肺结核患病情况及流行特征,为学校肺结核的预防与控制提供科学依据。方法从中国疾病预防控制信息系统的子系统结核病管理信息系统导出2019—2022年宁夏学生肺结核数据,采用描述性研究的方法进行学生肺结核流行特征分析。结果2019—2022年宁夏共发现498例学生肺结核患者,患者数量呈逐年下降趋势(χ^(2)_(趋势)=39.831,P<0.001),以病原学阳性患者为主(268例,58.32%)。学生肺结核患者表现出一定的季节性,在冬春季节高发,4月份(52例,10.44%)和11月份(55例,11.04%)呈现出两个发病高峰期;地区分布显示,固原市学生患者数最多(169例,33.94%);以性别构成显示,男女之间差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.029,P>0.05),男性256例51.41%,女性242例48.59%,以15~19岁年龄段为主。结论2019—2022年宁夏学生肺结核患者数呈逐年下降趋势,冬春季节高发,固原市为学生肺结核的高发地区,15~19岁为重点防控人群,应加强对高发地区和重点人群的健康宣教、监测与管理。
Objective To analyze the prevalence and epidemiological characteristics of tuberculosis among students in Ningxia from 2019 to 2022,so as to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of tuberculosis in schools.Methods The data of tuberculosis among students in Ningxia from 2019 to 2022 were derived from the Tuberculosis Management Information System,a subsystem of the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System.Descriptive study was used to describe the epidemiological characteristics of tuberculosis among students in Ningxia from 2019 to 2022.Results A total of 498 students with pulmonary tuberculosis were found in Ningxia from 2019 to 2022,and the number of patients showed a decreasing trend year by year(χ^(2)_(trend)=39.831,P<0.001).The majority type of tuberculosis among students was pathogenic positive patients(268 cases,58.32%).Students with pulmonary tuberculosis showed a certain seasonality,which occurred frequently in winter and spring,with two peaks in April(52 cases,10.44%)and November(55 cases,11.04%).The number of students with pulmonary tuberculosis in Guyuan City was the highest(169 cases,33.94%).There was no significant difference between males and females(256 cases were males,51.41%;242 cases were females,48.59%,χ^(2)=0.029,P>0.05).Students between 15 to 19 years old were at high risk of pulmonary tuberculosis.Conclusion The prevalence of tuberculosis in students in Ningxia showed a decreasing trend year by year from 2019 to 2022,and which occurred frequently in winter and spring.Guyuan City was a high risk area of tuberculosis prevention and control.The age group from 15 to 19 years old was the key prevention and the control group.Therefore,we should strengthen healthy education,monitoring and management of high incidence areas and key groups.
作者
沙小兰
田晓梅
刘广天
刘晔
雷娟
SHA Xiaolan;TIAN Xiaomei;LIU Guangtian;LIU Ye;LEI Juan(Department of Prevention and Treatment,The Fourth People’s Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,Yinchuan 750000,China)
出处
《宁夏医科大学学报》
2024年第1期93-96,共4页
Journal of Ningxia Medical University
基金
宁夏自然科学基金项目(2022AAC03714)。
关键词
学生
肺结核
流行特征
students
tuberculosis
epidemiological characteristics
