摘要
目的了解北京市门头沟山区农村环境卫生状况和变化趋势,为持续改善农村环境提供数据支持。方法2017年和2021年采用简单随机抽样方法,分别选取5个镇共20个行政村作为监测点,每个监测点选取5户农村家庭作为监测户。通过查阅资料、问卷调查和现场观察等方法收集行政村和农村家庭环境卫生情况。结果与2017年相比,2021年监测村内垃圾通过垃圾转运系统集中处理的占比由75.00%提高到100.00%(P=0.047),对生活污水进行处理的占比由55.00%提高到100.00%(P=0.001);饭前便后都洗手的家庭由89.00%提高到100.00%(χ^(2)=11.64,P=0.001);最近两周家庭成员出现腹泻腹痛的家庭由12.00%降低到0.00%(χ^(2)=12.77,P<0.001);使用卫生厕所家庭占比由81.00%提高到93.00%(χ^(2)=6.37,P=0.012)。在病媒生物控制上开展“灭鼠”和“灭蝇”的监测村均在90.00%以上;开展“灭蚊”的监测村占比由45.00%增加至90.00%,差异有统计学意义(P=0.006)。结论2021年相对2017年,门头沟山区农村环境卫生明显改善,尤其是在家庭垃圾分类处理、饭前便后洗手卫生习惯和腹痛腹泻发生率等,但在卫生厕所使用、病媒生物控制方面仍有待提高,应进一步采取相应措施,保护辖区居民健康。
Objective To understand the status and change trend of rural environmental sanitation in Mentougou mountain area of Beijing,and to provide data support for continuous improvement of rural environment.Methods A simple random sampling method was used to select 20 administrative villages in 5 towns as monitoring sites,and 5 rural households were selected for each monitoring site in 2017 and 2021,respectively.The environmental sanitation conditions of administrative villages and rural households were collected through consulting data,questionnaire survey,field observation and other method.Results Compared with 2017,in 2021,the proportion of garbage treated by village garbage transfer system increased from 75.00% to 100.00%(P=0.047),the proportion of domestic sewage treated increased from 55.00%to 100.00%(P=0.001);the proportion of families who washed their hands before eating and after using the toilet increased from 89.00% to 100.00%,and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=11.64,P=0.001);the number of families with diarrhea and abdominal pain in the last two weeks decreased from 12.00% to 0.00%,and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=12.77,P<0.001);the proportion of households using sanitary toilets increased from 81.00%to 93.00%,and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=6.37,P=0.012);more than 90.00% of the monitoring villages carrying out“rodent control”and“fly control”in vector control;the proportion of villages carrying out“mosquito control”increased,and the difference was statistically significant(P=0.006).Conclusions The environmental sanitation in Mentougou mountain area has been improved continuously,especially in household garbage sorting,washing hands before and after meals and the incidence of abdominal pain and diarrhea from 2017 to 2021,but the use of sanitary toilets and vector control still need to be improved.Further intervention measures should be taken to protect the health of residents in the area.
作者
王肖红
李龙建
WANG Xiaohong;LI Longjian(Mentougou District Center for Disease Prevention and Control,Beijing 102300,China)
出处
《首都公共卫生》
2023年第6期354-357,共4页
Capital Journal of Public Health
关键词
农村
环境卫生
监测
Rural area
Environmental sanitation
Monitoring
