摘要
苜蓿(Medicago sativa)干草和青贮均是可长期保存的优质粗饲料,但两者氮组分和乳酸菌发酵产物的不同使其部分营养价值存在差异。本文总结了国内外苜蓿干草和青贮在动物饲养中的研究,发现其对反刍动物生产性能、瘤胃发酵特性、乳肉品质和甲烷排放的影响主要取决于三点:1)其本身质量的高低。苜蓿调制后的优劣会影响其采食量及肠道消化率;2)与其他饲料的组合效应。瘤胃可降解能氮平衡可改善瘤胃发酵参数;3)替换饲喂比例。低比例同质量替换饲喂对机体影响甚微;并列出部分苜蓿干草(收割、干燥及饲喂)和青贮(添加剂、菌剂及打包)的调制进展,旨在为苜蓿的高效利用提供理论依据。
Alfalfa hay and silage are high-quality forages that can be stored for a long time.However,the difference in nitrogen composition and lactic acid bacteria fermentation products between them leads to differences in nutritional value.This review summarizes the research on alfalfa hay and silage in animal feeding,and finds that the effects of alfalfa hay or silage on ruminants production performance,rumen fermentation characteristics,meat or milk quality and methane emission mainly depend on three points:1)The quality of alfalfa hay or silage.The feed intake and intestinal digestibility of alfalfa were affected by its preparation quality.2)Combination effect with other feed materials.Rumen degradable energy nitrogen balance can improve rumen fermentation parameters.3)Replacement feeding ratio.Low proportion of the same mass replacement feeding has little effect on the ruminants.The research progress in the preparation of some alfalfa hay(harvesting,drying and feeding)and silage(additives,bactericides and packaging)is also presented in order to provide theoretical basis for the efficient utilization of alfalfa.
作者
郭文亮
李科南
杜海东
娜仁花
GUO Wenliang;LI Ke’nan;DU Haidong;Narenhua(College of Animal Science,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010018,Inner Monglia,China)
出处
《草业科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第1期218-231,共14页
Pratacultural Science
基金
内蒙古自治区高等学校创新团队发展计划项目(NMGIRT2322)
内蒙古自然基金项目(2021MS03009)。
关键词
苜蓿
氮组分
瘤胃可降解蛋白
反刍动物
乳肉品质
瘤胃发酵
调制进展
alfalfa
nitrogen composition
rumen degradable protein
ruminants
milk and meat quality
rumen fermentation
preparation progress
