摘要
作为国际经贸协定中指导成员实施技术性贸易措施的技术性贸易壁垒协议(TBT协议),21世纪以来逐渐呈现出合规要求走高的趋势。对此,既有研究多从国家内部寻求解释,本文认为TBT协议合规要求的升级实际上反映了全球供应链时代各国贸易政策、法规深度一体化的需求,对TBT协议合规要求升级的理解应置于国际经贸规则高标准升级背景下。通过指出高标准国际经贸协定中的TBT协议设计背后的市场拓展机理和制度竞争机理,梳理比较CPTPP、USMCA和RCEP三大高标准经贸协定中TBT章节的设计侧重,本文认为发达国家主导下的TBT协议升级一方面遵循了国际标准严格适用,技贸措施实施程序一致和透明度机制强化的市场跨境融合路径,另一方面在国际标准的具体选取、技贸措施实施过程的境外参与、通报纪律和公布内容要求上却遵循着便利本国企业参与的制度竞争路径。因此,未来中国应从融入、抵制、建制三个方面推动TBT协议升级朝着适应全球供应链的跨境市场融合、多边合作和包容发展的方向演进。
The Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT),which guides members to implement technical trade measures,has shown a gradual trend of higher compliance requirements since the 2lst century.Most of existing studies have sought explanations from within the concerned countries.This article argues that the upgrading of TBT compliance requirements actually reflects the demand for the in-depth integration of trade policies and regulations among countries in the global supply chain era.The understanding of the increased compliance requirements of the Agreement on TBT should be placed in the context of the high-standard upgrading of international economic and trade rules.By pointing out the mechanism of market expansion and institutional competition behind the design of TBT in high-standard international economic and trade agreements,and comparing the focus of design of the TBT chapter in CPTPP,USMCA and RCEP,the article argues that the upgraded Agreement on TBT led by developed countries not only follows a path of cross-border market integration with strict application of international standards,consistent implementation procedures for technical trade measures,and strengthened transparency mechanisms,but also follows a path of institutional competition that facilitates the participation of their own enterprises in terms of the specific selection of international standards,the involvement of foreign entities in the implementation procedures,the requirements for notification discipline,and disclosure of contents.Therefore,in the future,China should promote the upgrading of the Agreement on TBT towards the direction of cross-border market integration,multilateral cooperation and inclusive development in accordance with global supply chain.
出处
《国际经济评论》
北大核心
2024年第1期121-145,7,8,共27页
International Economic Review
基金
国家社会科学基金一般项目“中国与RCEP成员国国门安全风险的跨境协同防控与韧性治理研究”(项目编号:22BCJ012)
国家社会科学基金一般项目“中美竞争背景下欧洲战略自主建设的动态研究”(项目编号:21BGJ050)
上海市哲学社会科学规划课题一般课题“美国域外干预下中国-东盟自由贸易区持续升级的内在动力和路径选择研究”(项目编号:2023BGJ005)
上海海关学院科研项目“从国际倡议到国际公共产品:基于GATT/WTO关税减让与WTO跨境电商海关监管的对比分析”(项目编号:2315002A2020)的阶段性研究成果。
