摘要
在深入推进以人为核心的新型城镇化战略的背景下,探究城市规模的工资溢价效应及其成因有助于理解劳动力的空间分布及其变动,对实现高质量的新型城镇化建设具有重要意义。文章基于2012、2014和2016年中国劳动力动态调查微观面板数据,估计了城市规模的工资溢价,以及集聚效应和群分效应在其中的解释力。总体而言,城市规模每扩大1%,工资水平平均上升0.13%,相应溢价主要来源于群分效应。人口规模超过500万人的超大、特大城市同时存在集聚效应和群分效应,群分效应能够解释工资溢价的35%~55%。人口规模介于100万人至500万人的大城市,工资溢价主要源自群分效应。文章发现,个体技能对工资溢价的贡献度最高,且随着城市规模的增大,当地劳动力的平均技能水平也会提高,即劳动力技能存在明显的空间排序规律。超大、特大城市的集聚效应具有动态性,年轻劳动力在超大、特大城市的工资增长更快。
In implementing a people-centric new urbanization strategy,it is important to explore the wage premium of city size and its underlying mechanisms.This is instrumental in understanding the labor migration behavior and the distribution of urban population,and it also has significant implication for enhancing the quality of new urbanization construction.This paper uses the micro data from 2012,2014,and 2016 China Labor-force Dynamics Survey(CLDS),and estimates the wage premium of city size,with special focus on the explanatory power of agglomeration and sorting effects.We find that,on average,a 1%increase in city size correlates with a 0.13%rise in wage,and the wage premium primarily originates from the sorting effect.In megacities with a population over 5 million,both agglomeration and sorting effects are in effect,with the sorting effect accounting for 35%to 55%of the wage premium.For large cities with a population between 1 million and 5 million,the wage premium mainly stems from the sorting effect,with a relatively weaker agglomeration effect.The Dominance Analysis reveals that individual skill contributes most significantly to the wage premium.Furthermore,as the city size increases,there will be a corresponding increase in the workforce's average skill,indicating a clear spatial sorting of labor skills.In megacities,the agglomeration effect primarily arises from dynamic factors,with younger workers experiencing faster wage growth.
作者
胡善成
韩律
Hu Shancheng;Han Lyu
出处
《中国人口科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2024年第1期34-50,共17页
Chinese Journal of Population Science
基金
天津市哲学社会科学规划项目“面向高质量发展的京津冀产业协同发展模式研究”(编号:TJYJ20-003)
南开大学文科发展基金项目“城乡要素有序自由流动的农业生产率效应及其增进路径研究”(编号:ZB22BZ0206)的阶段性研究成果。
关键词
工资溢价
集聚效应
群分效应
The Urban Wage Premium
Agglomeration Effect
Sorting Effect
