摘要
《民法典》第一千一百八十六条尽管对公平责任的适用进行了限缩,仍然应当从公平正义的视角对该项制度进行审视和思考,矫正正义的价值理念应当优先。目前,公平责任在类型化事由、依据法律规定分担损失等方面有了立法上的进步,但是类型化事由的属性、分担损失的功能具有不确定性,审判时涉及的考虑因素和填补损失的功能均有缺陷。因此,应当从公平正义的视角完善上述缺陷,对公平责任的适用进行进一步的界定,明确公平责任与其他损害填补方式的区别,并给出参考适用的标准,从而给予个案合适的自由裁量权;通过“依据法律规定”降低公平责任中的非理性因素考虑;也要从公平责任实为社会风险保障的角度进行思考,逐步建立起通过社会化手段解决公平责任的公平正义问题的保障体系。
Although Article 1186 of the Ciuil Code of the People's Republic of China limits the application of fair liability,it should still be examined and considered from the perspective of faimness and justice,and the value of corrective justice should take precedence.Although the article restricts the application of equitable liability,the system should be examined and considered from the perspective of fairness and justce,and the value of corrective justice should be of priority.At present,fair liability has made legislative progress in the aspects of the typology of causes and the sharing of loss according to legal provisions but the atributes of the typology of causes and the function of loss sharing are uncertain and there are defects in the factors involved in the trial and the function of flling losses.Therefore,the above defects should be improved from the perspective of faimess and justice,the application of fair liability should be further defined,the difference between fair liability and other ways of flling damages should be clarified,and the standards of reference and application should be given,so as to give appropriate discretion to individual cases.In addition,the irational factor in fair liability should be reduced by“according to the provisions of the law”and it should also be considered from the perspective that the equitable liability is actually the guarantee against social risk,so as to gradually establish a social security system to solve the faimness and justice problem of the fair liability through socialized means.
作者
丁颢琦
Ding Haoqi(Shanghai Normal University,Shanghai 200233)
出处
《西部学刊》
2024年第4期64-67,共4页
Journal of Western
关键词
公平责任
公平正义
公平分担损失
社会保障
fair liability
faimness and justice
sharing losses
social security
