摘要
在汽车产业电动化和智能化进程中,汽车安全测试评价技术也从单纯被动安全向主被动安全融合方向延伸和扩展。本文从车内乘员保护、车外弱势道路使用者保护与主动安全三方面,深入对比分析了全球主流汽车安全测评规程的差异,总结了针对各测评工况的车辆安全开发技术要点,探讨了新能源与智能网联汽车安全测评规程的发展趋势。研究认为,主流汽车安全测评规程在被动安全评价方面越来越严格,主动安全测评工况比重在逐步增加,未来测评规程的发展重心将集中于主被动安全融合及针对复杂工况的虚拟测评两方面。此外,针对新能源汽车的电池安全测试已相对完善,未来研究重点可向电控系统测试、底盘稳定性测试和充换电设施与配套设备统一标准化认证等方向拓展;而构建合理、可靠的智能网联汽车OTA(over the air)测试、HMI(human machine interface)安全性和舒适性等测评方法,在中长期内将成为行业关注的重难点问题,且可借助自动驾驶模拟器等工具搭建虚实结合的复合测评体系。
In the process of electrification and intellectualization of the automobile industry,the automo⁃tive safety testing and evaluation technology has also been extended and expanded from simple passive safety to ac⁃tive and passive safety integration.In this paper,the differences between the world′s mainstream automotive safety assessment procedures are compared and analyzed from three aspects:occupant protection in the vehicle,vulnera⁃ble road user protection outside the vehicle,and active safety.The key technical points of vehicle safety develop⁃ment for each evaluation condition are summarized and the development trend of safety evaluation procedures for new energy and intelligent networked vehicles is discussed.The research concludes that the mainstream automotive safety evaluation procedures are becoming more and more stringent in passive safety evaluation,with the proportion of active safety evaluation conditions gradually increasing,and the development focus of the future evaluation proce⁃dures will focus on the integration of active and passive safety and virtual evaluation for complex working conditions.In addition,the battery safety test for new energy vehicles has been relatively perfect,and the future research focus can be expanded to the direction of electronic control system testing,chassis stability testing,and unified standard⁃ization certification of charging and swapping facilities and supporting equipment.In the medium and long term,the construction of reasonable and reliable evaluation methods such as OTA(over the air)testing of intelligent net⁃worked vehicles and HMI(human machine interface)safety and comfort will become a major difficulty concerned by the industry,and a composite evaluation system combining the virtual and reality can be built with the help of tools such as autonomous driving simulators.
作者
胡林
谷子逸
王丹琦
王方
邹铁方
黄晶
Hu Lin;Gu Ziyi;Wang Danqi;Wang Fang;Zou Tiefang;Huang Jing(School of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering,Changsha University of Science and Technology,Changsha 410114;Changsha University of Science and Technology,Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Safety Design and Reliability Technology forEngineering Vehicle,Changsha 410114;School of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering,Hunan University,Changsha 410082)
出处
《汽车工程》
EI
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第2期187-200,240,共15页
Automotive Engineering
基金
国家杰出青年科学基金(52325211)
国家自然科学基金(52172399,52175088)
湖南省教育厅科学研究项目(21A0193)
长沙市自然科学基金(KQ2208235)资助。
关键词
汽车安全测评
主被动安全
新能源汽车
智能网联汽车
automotive safety assessment
active and passive safety
new energy vehicles
intelligent connected cars
