摘要
铜是现代工业不可或缺的原材料,然而我国铜资源对外依存度高,是典型的“卡脖子”资源。铜主要通过火法冶炼铜精矿制得,冶炼过程渣量大、渣含铜量高达0.5%~5%,远高于我国铜矿的可采品位(0.2%)。因此,研究铜渣贫化回收铜的工艺对提升我国资源保障能力具有重要意义。基于铜/铜锍在渣中的赋存状态、铜损的主要形式,重点综述了现阶段铜渣贫化回收铜的工艺技术,包括火法贫化法、浮选法、湿法处理等,并对未来的研究重点进行了展望。目前,电炉贫化处理量大,技术成熟,但其通常使用煤炭等作为还原剂,由于其密度小于铜渣,反应时大多漂浮渣层表面并燃烧,反应不充分,也不利于大气环保。另外,工业上常使用金属铁棒还原炉底结瘤的磁铁矿,但其密度大于铜/铜锍,在渣液中沉降速度快,对渣层的还原不彻底。因此,开发环保、高效的还原剂逐渐成为火法电炉贫化研究的重点。浮选法是处理天然铜矿的常用手段,但铜渣存在硬度高、伴生关系复杂、粒度分布不均、微细粒多等浮选难点,同时铜渣高温浮选导致捕收剂失活的问题也亟待解决。在处理低品位铜渣时,湿法浸出是常用手段,但化学试剂和废液环保问题难以解决;生物浸出具有性质稳定、对环境无污染,且浸出后金属含量较低等优点,但其浸出周期长、效率低。根据目前贫化工艺的难点,对未来贫化工艺开发与优化进行了展望,如增加外场聚集四氧化三铁以改善铜/铜锍沉降环境、开发环保高效的火法贫化还原剂、探究还原剂对不同铜渣渣型的作用机制以及开发耐高温的铜渣浮选新药剂等。
Copper is an indispensable raw material for modern industry,but China′s copper resources have a high degree of dependence on foreign countries and are typical"stuck neck"resources.Copper is mainly prepared by fire smelting copper concentrate,and the slag amount is large in the smelting process,and the copper content of the slag is as high as 0.5%~5%,which is much higher than the recoverable grade of copper ore in China(0.2%).Therefore,it is of great significance to study the process of recovering copper from depleted copper slag to improve China′s resource security capacity.Based on the occur-rence state of copper/copper sulfonium in slag and the main forms of copper loss,the technical process of recovering copper from depleted copper slag at this stage is reviewed,including fire dilution,flotation method,wet treatment,etc.,and the future research focus is prospected.At present,the electric furnace has a large amount of dilution treatment and mature technology,but it usually uses coal as a reducing agent,because its density is less than copper slag,most of the floating slag layer surface combustion during the reaction,the reaction is insufficient,and it is not conducive to atmospheric environmental protection.In addition,metal iron rods are often used in industry to reduce the nodulation of magnetite at the bottom of the furnace,but its density is greater than that of copper/copper sulfonium,and the sedimentation rate in the slag liquid is fast,and the reduction of the slag layer is incomplete.Therefore,the development of environmentally friendly and efficient reducing agents has gradual-ly become the focus of research on the dilution of thermal electric furnaces.Flotation method is a common means of treating natural copper ore,but copper slag has high hardness,complex associated relationship,uneven particle size distribution,many fine particles and other flotation difficulties,and the problem of inactivation of collector caused by high temperature flotation of copper slag also needs to be solved.In the treat
作者
迟晓鹏
刘浩宇
夏俊
翁威
衷水平
CHI Xiaopeng;LIU Haoyu;XIA Jun;WENG Wei;ZHONG Shuiping(Zijin College of Geology and Mining,Fuzhou University,Fuzhou 350108,China;Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Extraction and High Value Utilization of New Energy Metals,Fuzhou 350108,China;Zijin Mining Group Co.,Ltd.,Shanghang 364200,China)
出处
《金属矿山》
CAS
北大核心
2024年第1期293-303,共11页
Metal Mine
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目(编号:52274349)
“十四五”国家重点研发计划项目(编号:2022YFC3900801)。
关键词
铜渣
渣含铜
还原贫化
还原剂
冰铜
copper slag
copper content of slag
reduction and dilution
reducing agent
matte
