摘要
在全球碳中和态势下,安全、有韧性和可持续的清洁能源关键矿产供应成为各国能源转型的重要保障,然而围绕关键矿产的大国博弈态势日趋明显,体现为欧美国家加速出台贸易保护主义色彩浓厚的关键矿产本土化战略,美国加速推进清洁能源关键矿产供应安全的合作阵营化,欧美基于“绿色规范”与“技术标准”提升对关键矿产供应的主导力,大国地缘博弈助推了资源民族主义的攀升。这对中国的清洁能源转型构成了多重挑战:欧美国家针对中国在关键矿产生产与加工提炼上的主导地位进行污名化宣传,通过阵营化发展加速全球关键矿产产业链的“对华脱钩与供应遏制”,在绿色化与数字化双重转型中谋求对华技术标准的规锁优势,通过“西方主导”的环境与劳工规范干涉中国绿色发展及对外合作。作为全球清洁能源生产与投资大国,中国亟需提升关键矿产应急管理的韧性治理能力、创新研发能力、技术标准引领能力、绿色软联通能力以及基于“发展安全”的议题性合作能力,力争成为全球清洁能源关键矿产供应链稳定、安全与开放的维护者。
In the context of global carbon neutrality,the safe,resilient,and sustainable supply of critical minerals for clean energy has become an important guarantee for the energy transition of all countries.However,the situation of the great power game around critical minerals is becoming increasingly obvious,which is reflected in the accelerated introduction of protectionist localization strategies for critical minerals by European and American countries,the accelerated camping of critical mineral supply security cooperation for clean energy by the United States,and the increasing dominance of Europe and the United States in the supply of critical minerals based on “green norms” and “technology standards”,while geopolitical games between major powers have stimulated the rising trend of resource nationalism.This has posed multiple challenges to China's clean energy transition:Europe and the United States have stigmatized and ideologized China's advantages in the production and processing of critical minerals,accelerating “decoupling from China and supply containment” of critical mineral chains under camping dynamics,seeking a locked-in advantage over China's technology standards in the twin transition of greening and digitization and interfering with China's green development and international cooperation through “Western-dominated” environmental and labor norms.As a major global clean energy producer and investor,China urgently needs to improve its capacity for resilient governance in emergency management of critical minerals,innovative research and development capacity,technical standards leading capacity,green soft connectivity capacity,and issue-based cooperation capacity based on “development security”,striving to become the defender for the stability,security,and openness of the global supply chain in clean energy critical minerals.
作者
李昕蕾
刘倩如
Li Xinlei;Liu Qianru
出处
《当代世界社会主义问题》
2023年第4期127-141,164,165,共17页
Issues of Contemporary World Socialism
基金
研究阐释党的二十大精神国家社科基金重大项目“‘双碳’目标下中国提升全球气候治理影响力的战略研究”(23ZDA112)。
