摘要
综述了桥梁结构火灾安全理论与保障技术等方面的研究现状,介绍了国内外桥梁火灾事故出现的频次和发生垮塌的概率,给出了危化品运载车辆等交通工具的安全运营形势和危化品车辆(油轮)致桥梁火灾的危险性,指出了桥梁火灾安全控制新技术的发展方向。分析结果表明:桥梁火灾具有多发性、多样性特点;桥梁火灾安全控制受到许多学者与部门的重视,已开展了部分桥梁结构的火灾试验与抗火防护工作,但桥梁抗火设计规范当前仍处于空白状态;混凝土爆裂行为存在完全随机性,混凝土的高温爆裂是混凝土结构桥梁抗火分析的难点;火灾下预应力混凝土桥梁受剪研究难度大,目前以受弯为主;复杂截面形式钢梁的传热与结构热响应研究较少,远达不到钢结构桥梁智能建造与长寿命安全运维的需求,相关的设计细节、智能防护措施与系统亟待研发;索支承体系桥梁由于结构形式复杂,火灾下构件热膨胀,致其之间相互牵制、相互影响,结构的整体行为中又表现出显著的局部增强效应,其精细化数值预测困难多,而当前研究仅聚焦于构件与连接件或者结构的温度场,结构的整体响应研究欠缺,火灾下索支承体系桥梁的耐火性能与破坏准则是研究的热点与难点;桥梁结构处于开放空间,干扰其火灾监测与预警的因素多,难度大,但重大桥梁火灾安全监测、智能预警、智能防护以及性能增强十分必要,应持续研究;复杂极端环境火灾下桥梁结构的智能防护方法,桥梁结构遭遇复杂突发火情时的智能监测、预警与防护技术亟待形成体系研究;桥梁耐火韧性问题是桥梁火灾科学与安全保障研究的难点,涉及灾时抗火和灾后康复,需深入研究,从而为桥梁全寿命建造与安全运维提供理论依据。
The current research status of bridge fire safety theory and guarantee technology was summarized,and the frequency and probability of bridge fire accidents at home and abroad were introduced.Then,the safety operation situation of transportation vehicles such as hazardous chemical vehicles and the risk of bridge fires caused by hazardous chemical vehicles(oil tankers) were presented,and the development direction of new safety control technologies for bridge fires was pointed out.Analysis results indicate that bridge fires have the characteristics of multiple occurrences and diversity.Much attention from scholars and departments was paid to the safety control of bridge fires,and fire tests and fire protection work have been carried out on some bridge structures,but the fire resistance design specifications for bridges are still a research gap.The concrete spalling behavior has complete randomness,and the high-temperature concrete spalling is difficult in the fire resistance analysis of concrete structure bridges.The research on the shear behavior of prestressed concrete bridges in fire exposure conditions is difficult,and currently relevant studies focus on bending.There is relatively little research on the heat transfer and structure thermal response of steel girders with complex cross-sectional forms,which falls far short as per the requirements for the intelligent construction and long-term safe operation and maintenance in steel structure bridges.Relevant design details,intelligent protective measures,and systems should be urgently developed.Due to the complex structure form of cable-supported system bridges,the thermal expansion of components in fire exposure conditions is influenced by each component.Therefore,the overall behavior of the structure exhibits significant local enhancement effects,making it difficult to predict using the refined numerical models.However,current research only concentrates on the temperature field between components and connectors or the structure,and there is a lack of research on
作者
张岗
赵晓翠
宋超杰
李徐阳
汤陈皓
万豪
陆泽磊
丁宇航
ZHANG Gang;ZHAO Xiao-cui;SONG Chao-jie;LI Xu-yang;TANG Chen-hao;WAN Hao;LU Ze-lei;DING Yu-hang(School of Highway,Chang'an University,Xi'an 710064,Shaanxi,China)
出处
《交通运输工程学报》
EI
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第6期94-113,共20页
Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(52078043)
陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2022JC-23)
陕西省创新能力支撑计划项目(2023-CX-TD-38)
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(300102212907)。
关键词
桥梁工程
火灾科学
安全保障
混凝土结构梁桥
钢结构梁桥
索支承体系桥梁
复杂火灾
综述
bridge engineering
fire science
safety guarantee
concrete structure beam bridge
steel structure girder bridge
cable-supported system bridge
complex fire hazard
review
