摘要
转向架作为高速列车大面积裸露在外且外形复杂的运行部件受到列车底部气流的直接作用,区域气动外形结构对高速列车整车气动阻力具有重要影响。基于三维稳态SST k-ω双方程湍流模型,采用数值仿真方法研究了轴箱外置式转向架不同包覆方式对高速列车气动性能的影响。研究了转向架区域安装小裙板、半包裙板、全包裙板、全包裙板+小底板以及全包裙板+大底板等5种方案下的高速列车气动性能,比较了不同方案下高速列车气动阻力的变化规律,阐明了高速转向架包覆方式对整车气动阻力、车底流动特性以及列车表面压力分布的影响。研究结果表明:随着转向架裙板包覆面积的增加,转向架腔后端板受到的气流冲击逐渐减弱,后端板上的正压分布降低,列车转向架区域周围的边界层厚度逐渐减小,转向架区域内的压力分布差异性逐渐减小,从而实现了列车整车气动阻力系数的降低。与小裙板模型相比,半包裙板、全包裙板、全包裙板+小底板以及全包裙板+大底板模型的列车气动阻力系数分别降低了5.2%、8.65%、10.3%、11.1%。对于轴箱外置式转向架来说,全包裙板+大底板方案可有效改善转向架区域流场,降低整车气动阻力。研究得到的转向架包覆方式将为新一代高速列车气动减阻设计提供有利支撑,实现列车气动节能。
The bogie,as a large exposed complex-shaped operational component of the high-speed trains,was directly affected by the airflow at the bottom of the train.Its aerodynamic shape had an important effect on the aerodynamic drag of the high-speed train.Based on the three-dimensional steady SST k-ωtwo-equation turbulence model,the influence of different covering methods for the bogies with external axle boxes on the aerodynamic performance of the high-speed trains were studied by numerical simulations.Five schemes,including the small,half and full bogie fairings,and the full bogie fairing with small bottom plates,the full bogie fairing with large bottom plates,were set up to investigate the variations of aerodynamic drag forces.The effect of covering methods for the bogies on the total drag,underneath flow characteristics and train surface pressure distributions were discussed.The results show that with the increase of covered area of the bogie fairing,the impact of airflow on the rear end plate of the bogie cavity is gradually weakened.The positive pressure distribution on the back plate is decreased and the difference of the pressure distribution in the bogie area tends to be smaller,thus achieving the reduction of the aerodynamic drag of the whole train.In addition,the thickness of the boundary layer around the bogie area is gradually reduced.Compared with the small fairing model,the aerodynamic drag coefficients of the half fairing model,full fairing model,full fairing model with small bottom plates and full fairing model with large bottom plates are reduced by 5.2%,8.65%,10.3%and 11.1%,respectively.For the bogies with external axle boxes,the full fairing scheme with big bottom plates can effectively improve the flow field in the bogie area and reduce the aerodynamic drag of the train.Thus,the bogie covering method proposed in this paper will provide a favorable support for the aerodynamic drag reduction design of a new generation of high-speed trains and realize aerodynamic energy saving.
作者
邓海
丁艳思
向南燊
项涛
张洁
梁习锋
DENG Hai;DING Yansi;XIANG Nanshen;XIANG Tao;ZHANG Jie;LIANG Xifeng(Key Laboratory of Traffic Safety on Track of Ministry of Education,School of Traffic&Transportation Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410075,China;National&Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Safety Technology for Rail Vehicle,Changsha 410075,China;General Research and Development Department,CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles Co.,Ltd.,Changchun 130062,China)
出处
《铁道科学与工程学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第1期26-37,共12页
Journal of Railway Science and Engineering
基金
国家重点研发计划课题(2020YFF0304103-03)
湖南省自然科学基金资助项目(2020JJ4737)
国家铁路集团有限公司科技研究开发计划课题(P2019J023)。
关键词
轴箱外置式转向架
高速列车
包覆方式
气动减阻
流场结构
bogies with external axle boxes
high-speed train
covering method
drag reduction
flow structure
