摘要
全球气候变暖加剧,森林火灾呈现爆发态势,其发生频率与强度均增加。随着森林火灾进入到新的火灾周期,各国的应急救援压力也随之增大。2017年和2023年智利经历了全球关注的大火巨灾。我们分析了智利森林火灾特征、趋势以及大火巨灾下的应急救援体系特点。研究结果表明:1985—2022年间,智利森林火灾次数与面积呈现显著上升趋势,火灾主要发生在10月至次年4月;火灾集中分布在智利的中南部地区的人工林与灌木林;智利火灾的分布与人口密度高度相关,主要受人为活动、可燃物状态和气候条件影响。智利应急救援体系具有组织完善、响应快速、信息共享,以及全民参与等特点。本文通过总结智利森林火灾的基本情况和智利大火巨灾下的应急救援经验,以期为我国森林防灭火工作和应急救援体系建设提供参考。
As global climate warming intensifies,wildfires are breaking out,and their frequency and intensity are increasing.As wildfires enter a new fire cycle,the emergency rescue pressure in various countries has also increased.In 2017 and 2023,Chile experienced fire disasters that attracted global attention.The characteristics and trends of Chilean wildfires and the characteristics of the emergency rescue system under fire disasters were analyzed.The research results showed that:from 1985 to 2022,the number and area of wildfires in Chile showed a significant upward trend,with fires mainly occurring from October to April of the following year;fires are concentrated in plantations and shrub forests in the central and southern regions of Chile;The distribution of fires is highly related to population density and is mainly affected by human activities,combustible material status and climatic conditions.Chile’s emergency rescue system is characterized by sound organization,rapid response,information sharing,and universal participation.The basic situation of Chilean wildfires and the emergency rescue experience under Chilean fire catastrophes were summarized,with a view to providing a reference for China forest fire prevention and emergency rescue system construction.
作者
张昊
姚启超
袁润
孙龙
史腊梅
白毛伟
刘琳
王迪
汪舟
ZHANG Hao;YAO Qi-chao;YUAN Run;SUN Long;SHI La-mei;BAI Mao-wei;LIU Lin;WANG Di;WANG Zhou(School of Forestry,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,Heilongjiang,P.R.China;National Institute of Natural Hazards,Beijing 100085,P.R.China;Emergency Management Department Key Laboratory of Forest Grassland Fire Risk Prevention and Control,Beijing 102202,P.R.China;Forest Fire Prevention and Monitoring Information Center of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration,Beijing 100054,P.R.China)
出处
《森林防火》
2023年第4期87-92,共6页
JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE SCIENCE
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(项目编号:32201573)。
关键词
智利
森林火灾
火情势
极端火
应急救援
Chile
Wildfire
Fire regimes
Extreme fire
Emergency rescue
