摘要
儿童中心的幼儿园课程实践需要处理好儿童与知识、成人、社会三者之间的关系。儿童中心理论的历史演进形成了三种不同指向:指向知识中心的儿童中心是对传统学科知识中心的突破,主张儿童是教育的起点;指向成人中心的儿童中心在肯定儿童主体性及童年价值的基础上,把儿童活动作为一种方法;指向社会中心的儿童中心强调儿童积极社会参与者的身份,把儿童自身发展当作一种目的。然而,儿童中心在幼儿园课程实践中存在极端化、不全面、理想化的错误表现,如忽视知识价值、脱离成人引导和成人假想的儿童中心。因此,需要立足儿童生活意义,促进知识学习;以成人理性指导,支持儿童自主学习;尊重儿童生活现实,开发属于儿童的课程。
Child-centered curriculum practice in kindergarten needs to deal with the relationship between children and knowledge,adults,and society.The historical evolution of child-centeredness has resulted in three different directions:Knowledge-centered child-centeredness breaks from the traditional center of disciplinary knowledge and asserts that children are the starting point of education;Adult-centered child-centeredness,while recognizing children's subjectivity and the value of childhood,views children’s activities as a method;Society-centered child-centeredness emphasizes children’s identities as active participants in society,considering children’s own development as a purpose.However,child-centeredness in kindergarten curriculum practice is characterized by extremes,incompleteness,and idealized misrepresentations,such as neglecting the value of knowledge,detachment from adult guidance,and adult-hypothetical child-centeredness.Therefore,there is a need to promote knowledge learning based on the meaning of children’s lives;to support children’s independent learning with rational guidance from adults;and to respect the reality of children’s lives and develop curricula that belong to them.
作者
孙璐璐
许卉
石建伟
SUN Luu;XU Hui;SHI Jianwei(School of Educational Sciences,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou,Jiangsu,225002,P.R.China;Directly affiliated government kindergartens in Hanjiang District,Yangzhou,Jiangsu,225002,P.R.China)
出处
《广东第二师范学院学报》
2024年第1期1-10,共10页
Journal of Guangdong University of Education
基金
江苏省社科基金一般项目“具身认知视域下幼儿园空间设计优化研究”(22JYB011)
江苏省中小学教学研究第十四期专项课题“基于幼儿综合素养监测的食育课程跟进式开发研究”(2021JYJC14-L08)
扬州大学2023年度教学改革研究项目“指向师范生课程能力的教学模式研究”(YZUJX2023-D3)。
关键词
儿童中心
幼儿园课程
课程实践
child-centeredness
kindergarten curriculum
curriculum implementation
