摘要
环境执法体制是中国环境管理体制的重要组成部分,在生态文明建设中发挥着举足轻重的作用。从机构设置、职能配置和管理体制三个维度出发,文章认为环境执法体制改革历经探索起步时期的三废管理、继承发展时期的环境监理、渐进调适时期的环境监察与创新完善时期的环境执法四个阶段。此中,环境执法体制在改革主线上呈现强化监督与推动综合执法特征,在改革过程上呈现“间断—均衡”演进特征,在改革模式上呈现强制性变迁与诱致性变迁结合特征,在改革趋势上呈现专业化、独立化和法治化特征。基于已有理论和改革实践,文章建立了解构制度变迁的“社会情境—参与者网络—制度系统”框架,研究发现社会情境的外部干预、参与者网络的内部博弈以及制度系统的结构性影响共同构成了环境执法体制改革演进的多重逻辑。文章有利于加深对环境执法体制改革的学术理解,同时为环境执法体制的未来发展提供一定政策启示。
In the process of fighting against pollution and promoting ecological civilization construction,the environmental law enforcement system(ELES)is an important institutional arrangement that plays a pivotal role.While the established literature analyses the value theory and practical application of ELES,it lacks a holistic grasp of the historical situation of ELES,as well as a deeper analysis of this process.Chinese government established the environmental monitoring network and monitoring system based on sanitary and epidemiological stations in 1972.China central government implemented the comprehensive administrative law enforcement reform of ecological environmental protection in 2018.In more than 50 years,China s ELES has undergone changes from 0 to 1.In general,what stages of development has China s ELES gone through?What kind of morphological characteristics have emerged in this process?What is the mechanism of institutional change?Sorting out the historical trajectory of ELES s reform and grasping the evolutionary characteristics and multiple logics of institutional change are not only conducive to deepening the cognition of the development history of China s environmental regulatory system,but also conducive to clarifying the direction of the future evolution of ELES.Based on the analysis of China ELES s policies and events and from three dimensions of institutional setup,functional configuration,and management system,this study divides ELES into four stages,namely,waste management in the period of exploration,environmental supervision in the period of development,environmental surveillance in the period of gradual adjustment,and environmental law enforcement in the period of innovation and perfection.In this regard,ELES shows the characteristics of strengthening supervision and promoting comprehensive law enforcement in the main line of reform.The reform process is featured with the evolution“from intermittent to balanced”;the reform mode is featured with a combination of imposed changes and induced ch
出处
《暨南学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第12期42-54,共13页
Jinan Journal(Philosophy and Social Sciences)
基金
西安交通大学“青年拔尖人才支持计划”项目基金(GG6J006)。
关键词
全球环境治理
环境执法体制
制度变迁
生态文明建设
global environmental governance
environmental law enforcement system
institutional change
ecological civilization construction
