摘要
文中介绍了高压磨料水射流系统的组成部分、基本原理和主要参数,指出喷嘴是高压水射流系统的能量转换元件,喷嘴的构造直接影响高压水射流的成形情况。通过对比传统喷嘴,设计出全过渡式子弹形喷嘴。基于计算流体力学(CFD)的方法,建立有限元模型进行流场分析,结合理论推导的方法验证了有限元模型的精确性,通过对比不同过渡比下喷嘴的内外流场,得到喷嘴内外流场的速度和动压力随过渡比的变化曲线,揭示了变化机理。计算结果表明:流道形状是引起静压转化为动压效率发生改变的主要原因之一,子弹形喷嘴射流集束性好、扩散小,静压转化动压效率高,通过改变过渡比能够显著提高射流速度,对实际工况有一定指导意义。
In this article,efforts are made to introduce the high-pressure abrasive water jet system's components,basic principle and main parameters.It is shown that the nozzle is the energy-conversion element of the high-pressure water jet system,whose structure directly affects the processing of the high-pressure water jet.By comparing with those traditional nozzles,a fulltransition bullet nozzle is designed.Based on the method of computational fluid dynamics(CFD),the finite-element model is set up and the flow-field is analyzed.With the help of theoretical derivation,it is verified that this finite-element model is accurate.By comparing the nozzle's internal and external flow fields with different transition ratios,the curves of both the velocity and the dynamic pressure of the nozzle's internal and external flow fields changing with the transition ratio are identified,and the mechanism of changes is revealed.The calculation results show that the shape of the flow channel is one of the main reasons for the change in efficiency from the static pressure to the dynamic pressure.The bullet nozzle has good jet convergence,small diffusion,and high efficiency in changing from the static pressure to the dynamic pressure.By changing the transition ratio,the jet velocity greatly improves.This study has guidance for actual working conditions.
作者
程沐铮
蔡毅
陈丽缓
李永福
CHENG Muzheng;CAI Yi;CHEN Lihuan;LI Yongfu(Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,North China Institute of Aerospace Engineering,Langfang 065000)
出处
《机械设计》
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第12期79-85,共7页
Journal of Machine Design
基金
国家自然科学基金(51874012)
河北省研究生创新资助项目(CXZZSS2022132)。
关键词
高压水射流
子弹形喷嘴
有限元
高压水射流系统
high-pressure water jet
bullet nozzle
finite element
high-pressure water jet system
