摘要
人类疾病动物模型是指生物医学研究过程中所建立起来的具有人类疾病模拟表现的动物实验对象及相关实验材料,在医学研究中有着至关重要的作用。猪与人类在解剖结构、生理学、免疫学和基因组学等方面具有相似性,作为模式动物非常适合于生物医学方面的研究,并且对比其他模式动物有较大优势。近年来,基因工程等生物技术的进步促进了用于人类疾病研究的猪模型的快速兴起。目前,猪除了作为异种移植器官供体与药物设计的工具外,还可以作为模式动物研究人类发育过程、先天性疾病和疾病反应机制,为改善人类健康作出巨大的贡献。本文将阐述猪作为人类研究模型心血管疾病、癌症、眼科学、颅面研究、肌肉骨骼研究、皮肤研究、生殖和胎儿发育、营养和微生物组研究、大脑和神经退行性疾病、糖尿病、感染性疾病和疫苗设计、以及异种移植的发展现状并对其未来应用进行展望。
Animal models of human diseases include experimental animals and related materials established during biomedical research,which in turn play a vital role in medical research.Pigs and humans are similar in terms of their anatomy,physiology,immunology,and genetics.Pigs are thus suitable model animals for biomedical research and have various advantages compared with other model animals.Recent advances in biotechnology,such as genetic engineering,have contributed to a rapid increase in the use of pig models for human disease research.In addition to serving as xenotransplant organ donors and as tools in drug-design studies,pigs can also be used as model animals to study human developmental processes,congenital diseases,and disease-response mechanisms,thus making important contributions to improving human health.This review considers the current status and future applications of pigs as research models for studies of human cardiovascular diseases,cancer,ophthalmology,craniofacial,musculoskeletal,and skin research,reproductive and fetal development,nutrition,microbiome research,brain and neurodegenerative diseases,diabetes,infectious diseases,and vaccine design,as well as for xenotransplantation.
作者
王妍
曹永春
邢凯
WANG Yan;CAO Yongchun;XING Kai(College of Animal Science and Technology,Beijing University of Agriculture,Beijing 102206,China;School of Animal Science and Technology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193)
出处
《中国实验动物学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第12期1636-1645,共10页
Acta Laboratorium Animalis Scientia Sinica
关键词
猪
模式动物
疾病模型
pig
model animal
disease models
