摘要
【目的】探究丛枝菌根真菌联合2种拮抗菌对花椒根腐病的生物防治效果,为解决花椒根腐病提供理论依据。【方法】将丛枝菌根(Arbuscular mycorrhiza,AM)真菌异形根孢囊霉(Rhizophagus irregularis)、草酸青霉HB21⁃1(Penicilium oxalicum)、枯草芽孢杆菌HX11(Bacillus subtilis)以单独或联合接种的方式,开展花椒根腐病的盆栽防效试验,以评价不同组合处理下的防治效果,并以染色镜检法测定AM真菌侵染率,再分别测定花椒根部防御酶活性、土壤酶活性初步探究生防机制。【结果】病原菌单独处理下的花椒根腐病发病率为86.67%,AM真菌+HB21⁃1+HX11联合处理下的花椒根腐病发病率最低,为13.33%,防治效果达78.89%,其次为HB21⁃1+HX11、AM真菌+HB21⁃1处理,防治效果分别为62.78%和57.12%。AM真菌+HB21⁃1+HX11处理下的AM真菌侵染率最高,为52.22%,而AM真菌单独处理下的侵染率最低,为24.89%。60 d时AM真菌+HX11处理下的花椒根部SOD、PAL酶活性最高,AM真菌+HB21⁃1处理下的花椒根部POD酶活性最高,且植株防御酶活性随时间均呈上升趋势。AM真菌、枯草芽孢杆菌HX11能促进土壤酸性磷酸酶、脲酶活性随时间显著升高,草酸青霉HB21⁃1能促进土壤蔗糖酶活性显著升高。【结论】AM真菌+草酸青霉HB21⁃1+枯草芽孢杆菌HX113种生防菌联合处理对花椒根腐病的防治效果最好,且该菌株组合处理下的AM真菌侵染率最高。随时间推移,AM真菌和拮抗菌处理下的花椒根部POD、SOD和PAL酶活性均呈上升趋势,且土壤酸性磷酸酶、脲酶活性也呈上升趋势,土壤蔗糖酶活性稍有下降,但均高于病原菌处理组,表明AM真菌、HB21⁃1和HX11能不同程度地诱导花椒植株防御酶活性、土壤酶活性的升高,具备一定的生防应用潜力。
【Objective】The study aimed to explore the biological control effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi combined with antagonistic mi⁃croorganisms on Zanthoxylum bungeanum root rot,and provide theoretical basis for solving the problem of Z.bungeanum root rot.【Method】In the study,arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM)fungi(Rhizophagus irregularis),Penicillium oxalicum HB21⁃1,and Bacillus subtilis HX11 were inoculated separately or in combination to conduct pot experiments on the control effect of Z.bungeanum root rot,in order to evaluate the control effect of different combinations of treatments,and the infection rate of AM fungi was measured by staining microscopy.Then,the ac⁃tivities of defense enzymes in the root and soil of Z.bungeanum were measured to explore the biological control mechanism.【Result】The in⁃cidence rate of Z.bungeanum root rot under the single treatment of pathogenic bacteria was 86.67%,and the incidence rate of root rot under the combined treatment of AM fungi+HB21⁃1+HX11 was the lowest,13.33%,and the control effect was 78.89%,followed by the treat⁃ment of HB21⁃1+HX11,AM fungi+HB21⁃1,and the control effect was 62.78%and 57.12%,respectively.The highest infection rate of AM fungi was 52.22%under the treatment of AM fungi+HB21⁃1+HX11,while the lowest infection rate was 24.89%under the treatment of AM fungi alone.At 60 days,the SOD and PAL enzyme activities in the roots of Z.bungeanum were the highest under the treatment of AM fungi+HX11,and the POD enzyme activity in the roots of Z.bungeanum was the highest under the treatment of AM fungi+HB21⁃1.The plant defense enzyme activity showed an upward trend over time.AM fungi and HX11 could significantly increase soil acid phosphatase and urease activities over time,while HB21⁃1 could significantly increase soil sucrase activity.【Conclusion】The combination of AM fungi+HB21⁃1+HX11 had a good disease prevention effect on Z.bungeanum root rot,and the combination of these strains resulted in the highest infection rate of AM fungi.O
作者
李梦玮
陈晓霞
廖礼彬
李婧怡
张楠楠
石福孙
LI Meng-wei;CHEN Xiao-xia;LIAO Li-bin;LI Jing-yi;ZHANG Nan-nan;SHI Fu-sun(Chengdu Institute of Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Chengdu 610041,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Maoxian Mountain Ecosystem Research Station,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Maoxian,Sichuan 623200,China)
出处
《西南农业学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第11期2391-2400,共10页
Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences
基金
四川省科技计划项目(2021YFN0116)。
关键词
花椒
根腐病
丛枝菌根真菌
草酸青霉
枯草芽孢杆菌
生物防治
Zanthoxylum bungeanum
Root rot
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
Penicillium oxalicum
Bacillus subtilis
Biological control
