摘要
纳滤技术由于其操作压力较低、对二价离子截留率高等优势,在市政污水、纺织废水、制药废水等废水处理领域有广阔的应用前景。然而膜污染问题的存在限制了纳滤技术的发展,膜污染不仅会导致膜通量衰减、分离性能下降,还会大大缩短膜的使用寿命。化学清洗可有效缓解膜污染,但常用的清洗剂均会对膜结构和分离性能产生影响,还可能引发生物耐药性及膜清洗废水二次污染等问题。本文对不同类型废水处理中纳滤膜的污染特征及化学清洗方法进行综述,并且重点阐释了酸、碱、次氯酸钠等化学清洗剂与聚酰胺纳滤膜的作用机制,以及频繁的化学清洗对膜面微生物的影响和所引发的生物风险,最后对有关问题的解决措施提出展望,以期为膜污染控制方法的优化提供参考。
Nanofiltration exhibits great potential to treat various wastewater,e.g.,municipal wastewater,textile wastewater,and pharmaceutical wastewater due to the advantages of low operating pressure and high rejection rate of divalent ions.However,membrane fouling limits the development of nanofiltration technology.Membrane fouling could not only result in a decrease of membrane flux and separation performance,but also greatly shorten the membrane life.Chemical cleaning can effectively alleviate membrane fouling,but common cleaning agents could affect membrane structure and separation performance.Moreover,frequent chemical cleaning may also cause biological drug resistance and secondary pollution of membrane cleaning wastewater.In this paper,the fouling characteristics of nanofiltration membranes in the treatment of various wastewater and the corresponding chemical cleaning methods are summarized.Subsequently,the interaction mechanisms between various cleaning agents and polyamide nanofiltration membranes are discussed,and the effect of chlorine-related cleaning agents on the microorganisms on the membranes as well as the associated biological risk are emphasized.Finally,the solutions to related problems are prospected,which may provide reference for the development of membrane fouling control strategies.
作者
刘晓阳
陈玉波
白莹
付洁
张光明
LIU Xiaoyang;CHEN Yubo;BAI Ying;FU Jie;ZHANG Guangming(School of Energy and Environmental Engineering,Hebei University of Technology;Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization and Pollution Control,Hebei University of Technology,Tianjin 300401,China)
出处
《水处理技术》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第1期7-12,19,共7页
Technology of Water Treatment
基金
国家自然科学基金(22206043)
河北省自然科学基金(E2021202139)
河北工业大学“科技新星”基金(JBKYXX2211)。
关键词
纳滤
膜污染
化学清洗
废水处理
水回用
nanofiltration
membrane fouling
chemical cleaning
wastewater treatment
water reuse
