摘要
北魏平城是首个北方游牧民族进入中原建立政权的文化产物,由于早期民族文化异质性和都城地理区位过渡性,早期立国阶段的平城规划建设尚处于探索时期,既要继承秦汉以来中原都城规划思想“模邺、雒、长安之制”以示正统,又要保留自己的民族特性和礼俗,呈现出“胡汉杂糅”的空间表象。但回归到北魏立国之初的政权建立、文化制度建构和经济生产方式确立的历史过程中,会发现平城的都城空间形态和规划思想是北魏国家和制度确立的空间投射,不是简单的胡汉杂糅,而是民族融合的产物,在民族融合作用下,都城规划建设在自然山水利用、礼制空间组织和社会治理等多方面探索创新。平城早期的空间形态具有游牧到农耕文化发展和汉唐都城演变的过渡性,对后期孝文帝时期平城的空间形态和迁都后北魏洛阳的规划具有重要的奠基作用,进而影响隋唐长安和后世都城。因此,研究北魏平城早期的都城形态,对阐释空间-文化耦合机制、揭示北魏文明建构、诠释都城演变脉络具有重要的学术价值。
Pingcheng in the Northern Wei Dynasty was the first cultural product of the northern nomadic Tuoba Family entering the Central Plains to establish political power.Due to the heterogeneity of the early ethnic culture and the geographically transitional location of Pingcheng,the planning and construction of Pingcheng in the early founding period was in an exploratory stage.It needed not only to inherit the capital planning philosophy in the Central Plains since the Qin and Han dynasties to“imitate the system of Yecheng,Luocheng,and Chang'an”to show its orthodoxy,but also to retain its own ethnic characteristics and customs,thus showing a spatial representation of“Hu-Han hybridity”.However,when looking back upon the historical process of the establishment of political power,cultural system,and economic production mode at the beginning of the founding of the Northern Wei Dynasty,it can be found that the spatial form and planning thought of Pingcheng are the spatial projection of the establishment of the state and system of the Northern Wei Dynasty,which is not a simple mixture of Hu and Han people,but a product of ethnic integration.Ethnic integration had brought about innovation in the utilization of natural landscape,the organization of ritual space,the social governance,etc.The early spatial form of Pingcheng showed the characteristics of transition from nomadic to agricultural culture and capital evolution from the Han to the Tang dynasties.It played an important role in laying a foundation for the spatial form of the later period of Pingcheng during the reign of Emperor Xiaowen and for the planning of Luoyang after the capital of the Northern Wei Dynasty was moved to Luoyang,which then influenced Chang'an in the Sui and Tang dynasties and the capital of later generations.Therefore,the study on the capital form of Pingcheng in the early Northern Wei Dynasty has important academic values for explaining the space-culture coupling mechanism,revealing the construction of civilization in the Northern Wei Dynas
出处
《城市规划》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第12期39-48,共10页
City Planning Review
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(52108061)
教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目成果(21YJAZH022)。
关键词
北魏早期
平城
规划史
民族融合
古都
the early Northern Wei Dynasty
Pingcheng
planning history
ethnic integration
ancient capital
