摘要
为解决中国黄淮海地区小麦播种质量差的问题,该研究设计了一种能够构建优质种床结构的种沟镇压播种装置,利用挡板提高种沟的平整性,种子下落到种沟后镇压轮对种床进行镇压,让种子与土壤紧密接触,为种子建立上松下紧的种床环境。对种沟镇压装置受力情况与种沟形成原理进行分析,结合具体农艺需求,确定种沟镇压播种装置的主要参数取值范围:弹簧工作形变量30~70 mm,镇压轮相对高度10~50 mm,挡板相对高度0~100 mm。以播深合格率、播种深度稳定性系数、种沟坚实度为指标,利用Box-Behnken响应面设计建立种沟镇压播种装置关键参数的二次多项回归模型,得到种沟镇压播种装置最佳作业效果的参数:挡板相对高度56.6 mm、镇压轮相对高度22.4 mm、弹簧工作形变量48.2 mm。在最佳参数条件下与覆土镇压装置进行性能对比试验,结果表明,种沟镇压装置的播深变异系数比传统覆土镇压装置降低63.6%,50~100 mm深度土层土壤坚实度提高47 kPa,种沟平整度提高63%。研究结果可为中国黄淮海地区小麦播种提供装备支持和技术参考。
Wide-boundary sowing pattern of winter wheat has been one of the most important planting types in the rice–wheat rotation areas,such as the Huang Huai Hai region of China.The sowing operations also dominate the wheat yield.In this study,a seed-ditch compaction and sowing device was designed to construct a high-quality seed bed for the winter wheat with a wide boundary.A baffle was also used to improve the flatness of the seed ditch.Among them,the soil failed to cover the seeds,when the seed fell to the seed-ditch.The uncovered seed was directly compressed into(and with)the soil by the compaction wheel,particularly for better contact between seed and soil.As such,a seed-bed environment was formed with the soft on the top and the firm on the bottom,in order to improve the quality of wheat-sowing operations.A systematic analysis was then made to determine the forces during seed-ditch compaction and sowing.The seed-ditch formation was also explored to optimize the parameters with the need for agricultural practices.An optimal combination was achieved for three main parameters,including the spring working shape variable,the relative height of the compaction wheel and the baffle.Specifically,the spring working shape variable was 30-70 mm,the relative height of the compaction wheel was 10-50 mm,and the relative height of the baffle was 0-100 mm.A response surface method(RSM)with a Box-Behnken design(BBD)was used to conduct a three-factor,three-level field experiment.The relative height of the baffle,the relative height of the compaction wheel,and the variable of the spring working shape were taken as the experimental factors,whereas,the qualified rate of sowing depth,the stability coefficient of sowing depth,and the solidity of seed-ditch were as the experimental indicators.The optimal combination of parameters was obtained for the seed-ditch compaction.The relative height of the baffle was 56.6 mm,the relative height of the compaction wheel was 22.4 mm,and the variable pitch of the spring working shape was 48.2 mm.Me
作者
何勋
张景风
张润
祝英豪
王万章
张红梅
HE Xun;ZHANG Jingfeng;ZHANG Run;ZHU Yinghao;WANG Wanzhang;ZHANG Hongmei(College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450002)
出处
《农业工程学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第18期18-29,共12页
Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
基金
河南省科技攻关项目(232102110271)
国家小麦产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-03-44)。
关键词
参数
优化
试验
小麦
种沟镇压
覆土镇压
播种质量
parameter
optimization
experiments
wheat
seed-ditch compaction
soil-covering compaction
sowing quality
