摘要
数据确权问题目前仍是数字法理论争论的焦点之一,它面临诸多难以解释的理论困境,如数据确权对象无法被确定、数据确权缺乏普适性和统一性,以及数据确权无法解决数据并行持有问题等。其原因在于,数据确权缺乏底层信息流动规则的支撑。基于数据持有状态成为数据流动的起点和终点,故在理论上有必要重视“数据持有”这一事实概念,并准确理解“数据持有”这一初始状态在法律上的意义。为达成上述目的,将“数据持有”置于信息流动的基本规律和规则体系中予以推演成为必要。通过比较“信息”和“物质”两个基本范畴在自然和社会属性上的巨大差别,信息法呈现出与传统部门法迥异的初始问题和元规则。信息法的初始问题体现为:“信息是否公开”、“信息如何公开”和“不公开的信息如何保密”等;信息流动的元规则体现为:分享和保密规则;复制平等规则;符号与意义相一致规则;结合增益规则等。将上述元规则应用到数字技术领域,有助于我们合理确定数字法的主体目标、重新界定数字法问题所属范畴,以及认识数字系统的独立性在法律上的主导地位等。在此基础上,就可以对“数据持有在法律上意味着什么”这一问题予以比较充分的回答。
The issue of data property rights currently remains a focal point of contention under digital law,grappling with numerous challenging theoretical dilemmas.These include the indeterminacy of data property rights,the lack of universality and uniformity in data property rights,and the failure of data property rights to address the problem of parallel data holdings.These challenges stem from the absence of a robust underlying framework governing the flow of information.Consequently,it becomes imperative to attach importance to the concept of"data holding,"and grasp accurately its inherent legal significance.To achieve this objective,it be-comes necessary to situate"data holding"in the context of fundamental laws and regulatory systems governing the flow of information.By juxtaposing the significant disparities between the elemental categories of"informa-tion"and"material"in terms of their natural and social attributes,information law manifests initial questions and meta-rules that diverge from traditional sectoral legislation.The initial questions in information law mani-fest as"Shall the information be disclosed,""How to disclose the information,"or"How to keep the information confidential when its disclosure is inappropriate."Accordingly,the meta-rules governing the flow of infor-mation encompass regulations concerning sharing and confidentiality,equal replication,congruence between symbols and meanings,and the amalgamation of gains.The application of these meta-rules to the domain of digital technology facilitates a rational determination of the primary objectives of digital law,a redefinition of the scope of digital law issues,and an appreciation of the preeminent status of digital systems within the legal domain.Building upon this foundation,a more comprehensive response can be furnished to the query of what"data holding"signifies from a legal standpoint.
出处
《比较法研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第6期1-15,共15页
Journal of Comparative Law
基金
教育部重大基地重大项目“数字经济基础性私法制度研究”(项目编号:22JJD820016)
国家社科基金重点“数据的分享和控制法律体系研究”(项目编号:19AZD026)的阶段性研究成果。
关键词
数据持有
元规则
数据确权
数字安全
data holding
meta-rules
data property rights
digital security
