摘要
1977年安徽阜阳双古堆1号汉墓出土了一批简牍,其中有损坏严重的数学简,整理者共辑得30余枚残简,并据内容拟题为《算术书》,还释读了其中4枚残简简文。在前人基础上,本文首次对所有已刊布残简进行了释读,并重新编联。结果显示,仅有3组(枚)残简简文文意相对清晰完整,即残简1、残简28+27+21+20+5、残简24+25。对比《九章算术》相关算题,确认它们分别与《九章算术》“均输”章第25题、第1题和“少广”章第8题相合。考察《九章算术》的删补者张苍与双古堆1号汉墓墓主的情况,认为二者有条件并有可能在算学方面有交流。双古堆汉简《算术书》与其他简牍算书有着不一样的血统,张苍在整理《九章算术》过程中形成的一个本子可能是它的一个重要来源。
Among the batch of slips excavated from the Han dynasty tomb 1 at Shuanggudui(双古堆),Anhui Province,China,were some mathematical texts.They are in bad shape,and slightly more than 30 fragmentary slips were assembled together and given the title the Book on the Art of Computation(算术书Suanshu shu).So far only 4 slips of the Book on the Art of Computation have been transcribed.This work,based on all previous efforts by other related researchers,transcribes all the published slips for the first time,and groups together those slips that are supposed to deal with the same problem.The results indicate that only slips 3,28+27+21+20+5,and 24+25 are compar-atively complete and clear in meaning.Compared with the related problems of the Nine Chapters on the Art of Computation(九章算术Jiuzhang suanshu),it can be confirmed that the data on the above mentioned slips correspond well with Problems 25 and 1 of Chapter 6 Junshu(均输,Equitable Dis-tribution),and Problem 8 of Chapter 4 Shaoguang(少广“,Slightly Increasing the Width),respec-tively.Considering the background of Zhang Cang(张苍),a presumed compiler of the Nine Chap-ters,and the owner of the Book on the Art of Computation,that is,the occupant of the Han dynasty tomb 1 at Shuanggudui,it is believed that these two figures had the opportunity and high probability of having associated with each other with regard to mathematics.Our conclusion is that the Book on the Art of Computation excavated at Shuanggudui is a mathematical work that possibly took as one of its key sources a given version of the Nine Chapters collated by Zhang Cang.
作者
周序林
ZHOU Xulin(School of Chinese Languages and Literatures Southwest Minzu University Chengdu 610041,China;Institute for Excavated Manuscripts Southwest Minzu University Chengdu 610041,China)
出处
《自然科学史研究》
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第3期267-280,共14页
Studies in The History of Natural Sciences
基金
国家社会科学基金项目:简牍算书疑难问题研究(项目编号:23XTQ005)
西南民族大学“双一流”项目。
关键词
双古堆汉简
《算术书》
《九章算术》
张苍
Han dynasty tomb 1 at Shuanggudui(双古堆)
Book on the Art of Compulation(算术书Suanshuu shu)
Nine Chapters on the Art of Computation(九章算术Jiuzhang suanshu)
Zhang Cang(张苍)
