摘要
档案领域中网络信息存档方式逐渐兴起,档案记忆和信息遗忘之间的矛盾更加尖锐,合理构建被遗忘权的理论基础与制度范式是平衡两者矛盾的重要路径。对被遗忘权的实现往往采取的是人格权保护模式,本质上是将个人身份、个人隐私、个人尊严等人格利益作为被遗忘权的理论基础,并援用侵权责任予以救济。然而,以人格权保护模式构建被遗忘权存在较大局限,人格权保护模式无法解答被遗忘权所涉及的量性范围、删除义务以及主动申请等问题。以契约利益构建被遗忘权具有极大正当性。首先,被遗忘权的契约式构造具有可行性,其能够满足《档案法》保障个人合法利益的要求,契合当前被遗忘权的主要内容,遵从被遗忘权的基本限制等。其次,被遗忘权的契约式构造具有优越性,其不仅能够弥补人格权保护模式下的缺陷,也在尊重需求个性、提供动力、促使谨慎处理信息等方面具有独特优势。最后,在以契约利益构建被遗忘权的具体制度时,需要从契约主体、权利义务内容以及法律责任三个方面予以着手。
In the field of archives,the rise of network information archiving methods has intensified the contradiction between archival memory and information oblivion.Reasonably constructing the theoretical basis and institutional paradigm of the right to be forgotten is an important way to balance this contradiction.The implementation of the right to be forgotten often adopts a model of personal right protection,essentially using personal identity,privacy,dignity,and other personal interests as the theoretical basis for the right to be forgotten and resorting to tort liability for relief.However,there are significant limitations to constructing the right to be forgotten based on personal right protection,as this model cannot address issues such as the quantitative scope of the right to be forgotten,the obligation to delete,and active applications.Constructing the right to be forgotten based on contractual interests is highly justifiable.First,the contractual construction of the right to be forgotten is feasible,as it can meet the requirements of the Archives Law to protect individual legal interests,align with the main content of the current right to be forgotten,and comply with the basic restrictions of this right.Second,the contractual construction of the right to be forgotten has superiority,as it not only can compensate for the shortcomings of the personal right protection model but also has unique advantages in respecting individual needs,providing motivation,and encouraging cautious handling of information.Finally,when constructing specific systems for the right to be forgotten based on contractual interests,it is necessary to start from three aspects:contractual subjects,rights and obligations,and legal responsibilities.
出处
《档案管理》
北大核心
2023年第6期58-63,共6页
Archives Management
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目“核心价值观融入法治建设的中西比较研究”(项目编号:17VHJ010)
最高人民法院2020年度司法研究重大课题“信息网络犯罪司法适用疑难问题研究”(课题编号:ZGFYZDKT202008-04)阶段性成果。
关键词
网络信息存档
被遗忘权
契约理论
人格利益
权利义务
Network information archiving
The right to be forgotten
Contract theory
Personal interests
Right and obligation
