摘要
拉康的精神分析伦理学将传统伦理学中的“善”视为一种“伪科学”,视为律法和权力关系的伪装,这种“善”恰如商品一样是被制造和再生产出来的。对“善”的追逐将产生出“康德即萨德”的倒错形式,并使主体自身的欲望受阻。拉康试图通过萨德的原乐伦理学来把康德伦理学中缺失的欲望维度寻找回来。这一欲望产生于律法的内在分裂之处,并以“恶”的形式展现出来。由此,“恶”揭示了伦理实体的内在匮乏,它使被律法质询的主体形成了重复性的驱力,并以本体论上的否定性姿态为伦理实体的匮乏进行揽责。在精神分析伦理学中,“善”与“恶”处于视差辩证法中,善恶的差异是一个本体论上的差异,善恶的调停呼唤一个采取伦理行动的主体。精神分析伦理学最终赋予主体深刻的伦理责任,它鲜明地展现了驱力的否定性功能及其历史维度,并通过驱力因素在德国古典哲学与马克思主义之间进行了内在连接,为社会斗争的历史线索提供了驱力维度。
Lacan's ethics of psychoanalysis treats the“good”in traditional ethics as a“phony science”,as a disguise for law and power relations,and this“good”is treated as a manufactured and continually reproduced commodity.The pursuit of the“good”leads to the form of perversion like“Kant with Sade”,hindering the subject's own desires.Lacan attempts to bring back the missing dimension of desire in Kantian ethics through Sade's ethic of jouissance.This desire arises from the inherent division of the Law and manifests itself in the form of“evil”.In this way,“evil”reveals the intrinsic lack of the ethical entity,which creates a repetitive drive in the subject interpellated by the Law,and takes an ontologically negative stance in order to take responsibility for the lack of the ethical entity.In the ethics of psychoanalysis,“good”and“evil”are situated in a dialectic of parallax,where the difference between good and evil is an ontological one,and where the mediation of good and evil calls for an ethically acting subject.The ethics of psychoanalysis,which ultimately confers a profound ethical responsibility on the subject,clearly demonstrates the negative function of the drive and its historical dimension,and through the element of the drive,intrinsically connects classical German philosophy with Marxism,providing a drive dimension to the historical threads of social struggles.
出处
《世界哲学》
北大核心
2023年第6期147-156,158,共11页
World Philosophy
基金
福建省社科基金基地重大项目“马克思主义伦理学的元理论研究”(项目编号:FJ2022MJDZ006)的阶段性成果。
