摘要
耕地质量建设是保障我国粮食安全的战略需求。我国中低产耕地亟需解决酸化、盐碱、贫瘠、生物功能衰减等问题,全面提升耕地产能。中国科学院南京土壤研究所针对潮土、红壤、盐碱土等主要耕地土类,基于长期观测、研究和示范,明确了土壤质量演变规律和退化调控机制,发展了不同农区耕地质量培育理论和技术体系。针对潮土,阐明了有机质、团聚体和微生物联动的内稳性地力形成机制,研发了农田土壤和作物信息监测的传感设备,集成了厚沃耕层构建与大面积均衡增产模式。针对红壤,揭示了土壤酸缓冲性提升抑酸机制和关键微生物驱动养分转化机制,研发了抑酸抗酸协同技术和红壤大团聚体生物培肥技术,分类创建了江西省耕地生态培肥和产能提升模式。针对盐碱土,阐明了土壤水盐调控伴生氮素迁移转化过程,提出盐渍障碍消减与养分增效协同机理与调控技术,创新了滨海盐碱地和河套灌区次生盐渍化生态治理模式。未来研究重点在耕地质量调查与建设管理、耕地土壤障碍消减与产能提升、土壤健康管理与生态保护3个方面,突破土壤障碍消减技术瓶颈,研发系列调理剂和生物培肥产品,提升区域模式落地率,建立我国耕地质量提升和可持续利用的系统解决方案。
Farmland quality construction is a strategic requirement for ensuring food security in China.There is an urgent need to address issues such as soil acidification,salinization,infertility,and declining biological functions for medium to low-yield farmland,in order to comprehensively enhance farmland productivity in China.Based on long-term observation,research,and demonstration,the Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences has clarified the evolution rules and degradation control mechanisms of soil quality for major cultivated soil types such as fluvo-aquic soil,red soil,and saline-alkaline soil,and developed the theories and technical systems for farmland quality cultivating in different agricultural areas.For fluvo-aquic soil,the formation mechanisms of the internal stability for soil fertility through the synergetic linkage among organic matter,aggregate,and microbe were clarified,the sensing equipment for monitoring farmland soil and crop information were developed,and the models to integrate the construction of fertile cultivated layer and the balanced enhance of crop yield at large-scale were established.For red soil,the mechanisms for inhibiting soil acidification by improving acid buffering capacity and microbial keystone taxa-driven nutrient transformation were revealed,the technologies for synergistic inhibition and resistance of soil acidification and biological fertility cultivation of soil macro-aggregates were developed,and the ecological modes for farmland quality and productivity enhancement in Jiangxi Province were classified and established.For saline-alkali soil,the nitrogen migration and conversion processes associated with soil water-salt management were clarified,the synergistic mechanism and key technologies of salinization obstacles reduction and nutrient enhancement were developed,the soil accelerating fertility cultivation mode and the soil salinization ecological remediation mode were innovated for the coastal region and Hetao Irrigation District respectively.Future research
作者
孙波
朱安宁
姚荣江
沈仁芳
张佳宝
SUN Bo;ZHU Anning;YAO Rongjiang;SHEN Renfang;ZHANG Jiabao(Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China)
出处
《土壤学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第5期1231-1247,共17页
Acta Pedologica Sinica
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1900600)
国家农业科技项目(NK18-3,NK18-4)
农业农村部现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-52)资助。
关键词
潮土
红壤
盐碱地
肥沃耕层
酸缓冲性
水氮盐调控
产能提升
Fluvo-aquic soil
Red soil
Saline-alkali soil
Fertile cultivated layer
Acid buffering capacity
Water,nitrogen and salt regulation
Productivity enhancement
