摘要
孤独症患病率的不断上升,加剧了对早期干预的需求,但传统行为干预有其局限性。自然发展行为干预(Naturalistic Developmental Behavioral Interventions,NDBI)是一类结合了行为原则和发展理论,并在自然情境中实施的孤独症早期干预方法。近年来,NDBI在国际范围内受到广泛关注,实证研究基础持续扩大。NDBI代表性干预方法包括:共同关注、象征性游戏、参与和调节,强化式情境教学,社交沟通-情绪调节-交往支持模式,关键反应训练,早期介入丹佛模式和教导父母成为社交教练等,这些方法具有共同的核心要素和特征,但目标领域和效果特点各有侧重。NDBI在促进孤独症儿童社交、语言、认知等领域的发展,以及降低家庭经济成本和提高儿童主动性等方面具有突出优势,在我国有广阔的应用前景。未来应围绕提高干预效果和扩展应用范围进行深入研究,包括厘清影响干预效果的预测因素与调节变量、探索有效的家长培训方法、探索不同干预方法和工具的结合等,同时在我国文化背景下推动NDBI的本土化研究和实践。
The rising prevalence of autism spectrum disorder(ASD)has increased the demand for early intervention,but traditional behavioral interventions have their limitations.Naturalistic Developmental Behavioral Interventions(NDBI)are a class of early intervention methods for autism spectrum disorder(ASD)that combine developmental theory and behavioral principles,and are implemented in natural settings.In recent years,NDBI has received widespread attention internationally,and its empirical research base has continued to expand.Representative NDBI methods include:Joint Attention,Symbolic Play,Engagement and Regulation(JASPER),Enhanced Milieu Teaching(EMT),Social Communication,Emotional Regulation and Transactional Support(SCERTS),Pivotal Response Training(PRT),Early Start Denver Model(ESDM),and Teaching Parents to Become Social Coaches(PIT).These methods have common core elements and characteristics,but they differ in their target domains and effectiveness features.NDBI has outstanding advantages in promoting the development of social,language,cognitive and other domains in children with ASD,as well as reducing family economic costs and increasing children's initiative.NDBI has a broad application prospect in China.Future research should focus on improving intervention outcomes and expanding application scope,including clarifying the predictive factors and moderating variables that affect intervention outcomes,exploring effective parent training methods,exploring the combination of different intervention methods and tools,and promoting the localization of NDBI research and practice in the Chinese cultural context.
作者
肖石花
李晶
XIAO Shihua;LI Jing(CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science,Institute of Psychology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;Department of Psychology,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)
出处
《心理科学进展》
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第12期2350-2367,共18页
Advances in Psychological Science
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(31971009)
中国科学院青年创新促进会资助。
关键词
自然发展行为干预
孤独症
早期干预
Naturalistic Developmental Behavioral Interventions(NDBI)
autism spectrum disorder(ASD)
early intervention
