摘要
拜登政府执政后,美日全面加强半导体合作。美日政府高层建立了多个半导体合作机制,在双边层面全面拓展合作领域,在多边层面拉拢发达国家和中国周边国家制定关键技术标准。美日还实质性深化对台半导体产业合作,联手干预中国台湾问题。美国和日本都要求重塑半导体产业链供应链,降低对中国半导体产业链供应链的依赖,并且半导体产业的特性决定了美日必须合作才能实现目标。美日半导体合作的实质是将产业问题武器化,不仅给全球半导体产业链供应链稳定造成恶劣影响,而且严重威胁中国的经济利益和国家安全。然而,美日合作受到多重因素的制约,包括美日重振本土半导体制造业的目标并不一致,美日在对华政策目标和实施手段上存在分歧,以及中国台湾、韩国以及欧盟等第三方经济体的制约。为减少美日半导体合作的不利影响,中国需加强对外战略沟通,深化与全球半导体产业链的联系,同时增强国内半导体供应链韧性和产业竞争力。
The Biden Administration has comprehensively strengthened its cooperation with Japan.The United States and Japan have established several high-level semiconductor cooperation mechanisms.At the bilateral level,the governments of the US and Japan have expanded cooperation fields.Multilaterally,the two countries wooed developed countries and China's neighboring countries to formulate key technical standards.In addition,the United States and Japan have substantially deepened their cooperation with Chinese Taiwan on semiconductor industry and jointly intervened in the Taiwan question.The motivationsbehind is that the both United States and Japan urge to reshape the semiconductor industry chain and supply chain,and donot want to see the rapid development of China's semiconductor industry.Besides,the global nature of the semiconductor industry determines that the United States and Japan must cooperate to achieve their goals.The essence of US-Japan semiconductor cooperation is to weaponize industrial issues,which not only has a bad impact on the stability of the global semiconductor industry chain and supply chain,but also threatens China's economic interests and national security.However,the US-Japan cooperation is restricted by multiple factors,including the conflict of US-Japan's identical goals of reviving domestic semiconductor manufacturing,the US-Japan divergences on the goals and implementation of their China policies,and the constraints from the third parties such as Chinese Taiwan,South Korea,and the European Union.To mitigate the adverse impacts,China needs to strengthen external strategic dialogues,deepen cooperation with the global semiconductor supply chain,and enhance the resilience and competitiveness of domestic semiconductor industry.
出处
《现代国际关系》
北大核心
2023年第10期129-145,148,共18页
基金
“中央党校(国家行政学院)校(院)级重大理论和现实问题研究专项”阶段性成果。
关键词
美日同盟
经济安全
半导体产业链
中美战略竞争
US-Japan alliance
economic security
semiconductor supply chain
Sino-US strategic competition
