摘要
进化论和文明史观发源于欧洲,19世纪末20世纪初借道日本而传入中国。中日都致力于将进化论思想融入到儒学与佛教的传统文化框架中进行解释,发展出“循环进化”的理论;同时,进化论在向东方世界传播的过程中,已发生了一定程度上的扭曲与变异,深受斯宾塞影响的日本学界继承着明治以来“文明”与“野蛮”的二元对立,将其绝对化并滑向了自我中心主义,而中国则逐渐摒弃其中的帝国主义倾向而走上独立自主的发展道路。在构建文明史学的过程中,中国以建立民族国家和确立自主性为宗旨,意在鼓舞民族自觉的发展以及国民精神的建设,并寻求中国在世界的定位;日本则以构建本国优越性和排除“他者”为中心,以“天职”这一先验性的话语,设定了日本在亚洲的领导地位。梁启超与内藤湖南分别是中日不同思路的代表。两种各具特色的历史书写也影响了不同的国民性格与集体记忆,其中文化起到比政治更为深刻的作用。
The theory of evolution and the outlook on the history of civilization originated in Europe,and was introduced into China through Japan in the late 19th century and early 2oth century.This paper starts with the above content,with Liang Qichao and Naito Hunan as the center to explore the acceptance and transformation of Western factors between China and Japan under the background of Sino-Japanese relation's great change.First,both China and Japan explain the theory of evolution by integrating the new Western ideas into the traditional cultural framework of Confucianism and Buddhism and developed the theory of circular evolution.At the same time,the theory of evolution has been distorted and mutated to a certain extent in the process of spreading to the Eastern world.The Japanese academic circle,deeply influenced by Spencer,inherited the binary opposition of civilization and barbarism since the Meiji period and made it absolute and slid into egotism.While China gradually abandoned the imperialist tendency and stepped on the road of independent development.Secondly,in the process of constructing the outlook on the history of civilization,Liang Qichao took the establishment of the nation-state and the establishment of autonomy as the purpose,intended to encourage the development of the national consciousness and the construction of the national spirit,and sought the positioning of China in the world.Naito Hunan set Japan's leading position in Asia with the transcendental discourse of the duty of heaven centered on constructing Japan's superiority and exclusion of others.Thus,the two distinctive historical writings have influenced national characters and collective memory,with culture playing a more profound role than politics.
出处
《国际儒学（中英文）》
2023年第3期112-122,180,181,共13页
International Studies on Confucianism
关键词
梁启超
内藤湖南
进化论
文明史学
民族认同
Liang Qichao
Naito hunan
theory of evolution
outlook on the history of civilization
national identity
