摘要
目的 了解多孩政策背景下西安市城区学龄前儿童受忽视状况,为制定有效的干预措施提供参考。方法 2022年11月,根据多阶段整群抽样原则,抽取西安市7个城区的3~6岁2 450名幼儿家长,采用“中国城市3~6岁(学龄前)儿童忽视评价常模量表”进行问卷调查。应用SPSS 18.0软件对数据进行统计学描述、χ^(2)检验与方差分析。结果 西安市城区学龄前儿童总忽视率为29.0%、总忽视度为(37.58±8.44)。不同年级的儿童受忽视率及忽视度差异均无统计学意义(χ^(2)/F值分别为1.61,2.98,P值均>0.05);男童受忽视度比女童严重(t=2.45,P<0.05),男、女童除了在医疗、教育和安全3个层面忽视度差异有统计学意义外(t值分别为2.01,2.28,2.02,P值均<0.05),其余各层面忽视率和忽视度差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05);多孩家庭的儿童忽视率和忽视度均高于一孩家庭(χ^(2)/t值分别为13.68,-4.54,P值均<0.05);排行不同的孩子忽视率和忽视度差异均有统计学意义,依次为“排行第三或第四>排行第二>排行第一”(χ^(2)/F值分别为10.84,2.79,P值均<0.05);“单亲家庭”的忽视率和忽视度高于“核心家庭”和“三代同堂家庭”(χ^(2)/F值分别为4.78,2.79,P值均<0.05)。结论 西安市城区学龄前儿童受忽视状况较严重,尤其是多孩家庭。需积极探索其危险因素并制定有效的干预措施。
Objective To understand the situation of neglect of preschool children in the urban area of Xi'an under the background of multi-child policy,so as to provide a reference for making effective prevention.Methods In Novmber 2022,according to the multi-stage stratified cluster sampling principle,2450 parents of children aged 3-6 years were randomly selected from 7 urban areas of Xi'an to participate in the questionnaire survey.A questionnaire survey was conducted using the"Neglect Evaluation Norms of 3-6 Years Old(Preschool)Children in Urban Areas of China".SPSS 18.0 software was used for statistical description,Chi-square test and variance analysis.Results The total neglect rate of preschool children in the urban area of Xi'an was 29.0%and the total neglect score was(37.58±8.44).There was no statistical difference in the neglect status of children in different grade groups(χ^(2)/F=1.61,2.98,P>0.05).The neglect score of boys was higher than girls(t=2.45,P<0.05).There was no statistical difference in the neglect rate and neglect score of boys and girls in other levels(P>0.05);except for the significant difference in the neglect degree of medical treatment,education and safety(t=2.01,2.28,2.02,P<0.05).The rate and score of neglect in multi-child families were higher than only-child families(χ^(2)/t=13.68,-4.54,P<0.05).There were significant differences in the rate and degree of neglect of children with different birth order,which were"third-and fourth-born>second-born>first-born"(χ^(2)/F=10.84,2.79,P<0.05).The neglect rate and score of"single parent family"were significantly higher than that of"nuclear family"and"three-generation family"(χ^(2)/F=4.78,2.79,P<0.05).Conclusion The neglect situation of preschool children in urban area of Xi'an is still serious,especially in multi-child families.It should actively explore the risk factors and formulate effective intervention measures.
作者
杨武悦
潘建平
相晓妹
张水平
董宁
魏皎洁
臧宝彩
YANG Wuyue;PAN Jianping;XIANG Xiaomei;ZHANG Shuiping;DONG Ning;WEI Jiaojie;ZANG Baocai(Department of Grassroots Health,Xi'an Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital,Xi'an(710002),China;不详)
出处
《中国学校卫生》
CAS
北大核心
2023年第10期1545-1549,共5页
Chinese Journal of School Health
基金
西安市科技局科学计划项目(21YXYJ0090)。
