摘要
近年来极端气候事件呈现多发强发态势,由此引发的可能最大洪水等极端水文事件对水库安全产生了严重的威胁,而水库常规防洪调度规程在面对其威胁时存在失效隐患,因此对水库常规调度规程进行优化,形成针对极端情况的应急调度显得尤为重要。针对此问题,以位于岷江上游的不完全年调节水库紫坪铺水库为研究对象,基于HECRAS建立了库区河段的一维水动力模型,以确保水库安全的同时最大限度减轻洪水对下游的影响为目标,遵循“以空间换时间”的调度思路,采用“提前预泄结合加大泄量”的优化原则,开展了水库在面对可能最大洪水时调度方式及调度时机的寻优研究。研究发现,在面对总入库流量为水库防洪库容8倍的可能最大洪水时,通过调整水库泄洪方式的组合模式,结合对调度起止时间的科学寻优,实现了水库防洪库容随洪水历程的合理动态分配,为水库完成泄洪任务赢得了更多时间。优化后的应急调度方式有效规避了常规调度失效的隐患,度汛期间坝前水位峰值相较于原调度方式降低了18.4 m,确保库区水位始终处于安全范围;库区水面线变化控制在14.7 m以内,相较原调度降低了55.6%,库区整体水位变化更加稳定;并且优化方案下削峰率达74%,最大程度减轻了下游所受洪涝灾害的威胁。在此基础上,通过进一步对水库防洪潜力的定义分析,揭示了两种调度方式下水库度汛效果存在明显差异的原因,为水库面对极端洪水开展应急调度提供了新思路和新参考。
In recent years,extreme weather events have shown multiple and strong occurrences,and extreme hydrological events such as pos⁃sible maximum floods triggered by extreme weather have posed serious threats to reservoir safety,while the use of conventional flood control scheduling protocols for reservoirs may fail in the face of their threats.Therefore,it is especially important to optimize the regular scheduling protocols of reservoirs and to form emergency scheduling for extreme situations.To address the problem,this paper focuses on the Zipingpu Reservoir,an incomplete regulated reservoir located in the upper reaches of the Min River as the research object,establishes a one-dimen⁃sional hydrodynamic model of the river section in the reservoir area based on HEC-RAS,following the“spatial-temporal trade-off”schedul⁃ing approach,the optimization principle of“advance pre-release combined with increased release”is adopted,and carries out a study on the scheduling mode of the reservoir in the face of possible maximum floods and the optimization of the scheduling timing with the goal of ensur⁃ing the safety of the reservoir and minimizing the downstream risk.It is found that when facing the maximum possible flood with the total influ⁃ent flow rate of 8 times the reservoir flood control capacity,a reasonable dynamic allocation of the reservoir flood control capacity can be achieved through the combined mode of flood discharge and the joint optimization of the scheduling start and end times,developing an emer⁃gency scheduling protocol for the reservoir to cope with the potential maximum flood events.It realizes the reasonable dynamic distribution of reservoir flood control capacity with flood history,and wins more time for reservoirs to complete the flood release task.The optimized schedul⁃ing method avoids the hidden danger of conventional scheduling failure,the peak water level in front of the dam during the flooding period is lowered by 18.4 m compared to the original scheduling method,ensure that t
作者
马翔
由丽华
廖宁
陈旻
张陵蕾
李嘉
MA Xiang;YOU Li-hua;LIAO Ning;CHEN Min;ZHANG Ling-lei;LI Jia(State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610065,Sichuan Province,China;Sichuan Province Zipingpu Development Co.Ltd,Chengdu 610091,Sichuan Province,China)
出处
《中国农村水利水电》
北大核心
2023年第11期45-51,共7页
China Rural Water and Hydropower
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3202403)
四川省科技计划项目(2021YFQ0068)。
关键词
调度优化
可能最大洪水
防洪调度
HEC-RAS
紫坪铺水库
scheduling optimization
probable maximum flood
flood control scheduling
HEC-RAS
Zipingpu Reservoir