摘要
为探究节水灌溉模式下黑土稻田NH_(3)、N_(2)O排放及氮肥吸收利用对减施氮肥的响应规律,以黑龙江省黑土稻田为研究对象,于2021年进行了大田试验,试验设置常规淹灌(F)和控制灌溉(C)2种灌溉模式,全生育期施氮量设置常规施氮水平(N,110 kg/hm^(2))、减氮10%(N1,99 kg/hm^(2))和减氮20%(N_(2),88 kg/hm^(2))3个水平,并在F和C灌溉模式下分别设置不施氮肥处理(CK1和CK2)作为对照组,共8个处理。分析了不同灌溉模式下减施氮肥对水稻全生育期NH_(3)挥发速率和N_(2)O排放的影响,计算了氮肥气态损失量和损失率,并基于同位素示踪技术进一步估算了水稻对氮肥的吸收利用量及水稻收获后土壤中的氮肥残留量。结果表明:2种灌溉模式下的氮肥气态损失量及损失率均随着施氮量的减少而降低。控制灌溉模式的应用增加了黑土稻田氮肥气态损失,其各处理的氮肥气态损失量及损失率均高于常规淹灌模式下相同施氮量处理。然而同位素示踪结果表明,采用控制灌溉模式能够增强水稻对氮肥的吸收,同时能够有效降低氮肥损失。控制灌溉模式下各处理水稻对氮肥的吸收利用量和利用率均显著高于常规淹灌模式下相同施氮量处理,且当施氮量相同时,控制灌溉模式下各处理的氮肥损失量和总损失率均显著低于常规淹灌模式(P<0.05)。综上所述,控制灌溉模式下减施氮肥提高了氮肥吸收利用率,同时降低了氮肥损失,并可稳产甚至能够在一定程度上增加水稻产量。研究结果可为东北地区稻田制定节肥、增效、减排兼容的水肥资源管理策略提供科学依据,对保障东北地区农业可持续发展具有重要意义。
Field experiment was conducted in black soil paddy fields in Heilongjiang Province to explore the response regularity between NH_(3),N_(2)O emissions and absorption of nitrogen fertilizer under water-saving irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer reduction in 2021.Two irrigation modes were set up:conventional flooding irrigation(F)and controlled irrigation(C).The nitrogen application rate throughout the entire growth period was set at three levels:conventional nitrogen application level(N,110kg/hm^(2)),nitrogen reduction 10%(N1,99kg/hm^(2)),and nitrogen reduction 20%(N_(2),88kg/hm^(2)).Under F and C irrigation modes,no nitrogen fertilizer treatment(CK1 and CK2)were set as the control,with a total of eight treatments.The effects of nitrogen fertilizer reduction on NH_(3)volatilization rate and N_(2)O emissions fluxes during the entire growth period of rice under different irrigation modes were analyzed,the gaseous loss amount and gaseous loss rate of nitrogen fertilizer were calculated,and the absorption of nitrogen fertilizer by rice and the residual nitrogen fertilizer in the soil after rice harvest were further estimated based on isotope tracing technology.The results showed that the gaseous loss amount and gaseous loss rate of nitrogen fertilizer under both irrigation modes were decreased with the decrease of nitrogen application rate.The application of controlled irrigation mode increased the gaseous loss of nitrogen fertilizer in black soil paddy fields,and the gaseous loss amount and gaseous loss rate of each treatment were higher than those under conventional flooding irrigation mode with the same nitrogen application rate.However,isotope tracing results indicated that controlled irrigation mode can enhance absorption of nitrogen fertilizer by rice and effectively reduce nitrogen fertilizer loss.The absorption and recovery rate of nitrogen fertilizer by rice under controlled irrigation mode were significantly higher than those under conventional flooding mode with the same nitrogen application rate.Moreover,whe
作者
李铁成
张忠学
张作合
杜思澄
韩羽
薛里
LI Tiecheng;ZHANG Zhongxue;ZHANG Zuohe;DU Sicheng;HAN Yu;XUE Li(School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China;Key Laboratory of Effective Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China;College of Agriculture and Hydraulic Engineering,Suihua University,Suihua 152061,China)
出处
《农业机械学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第10期348-355,共8页
Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目(52079028)。
关键词
稻田
节水灌溉
减施氮肥
气态损失
吸收利用
同位素示踪技术
paddy field
water-saving irrigation
nitrogen fertilizer reduction
gaseous loss
absorption and utilization
isotope tracing technology
