摘要
【目的】液体发酵饲料有益于动物肠道健康,具有良好的应用前景。分析不同底物对液体发酵豆粕的理化特性和细菌群落的影响,为发酵饲料的开发利用提供参考。【方法】采用正交试验分析红糖、鱼粉和豆粕及其组合,对液体发酵饲料品质的影响;采用16S rDNA测序,分析不同底物对细菌群落结构的影响。【结果】液体发酵饲料外观与原料浓度相关,即原料浓度越大,发酵饲料颜色越深。添加豆粕和鱼粉提高了发酵液体中的有机质和氮含量。PCA分析显示发酵前后样本中具有完全不同的细菌群落结构。经发酵,液体饲料中的细菌种类和数量都有所增加。发酵初期,变形菌门细菌占主导,其中的优势属为黄单胞菌(Xanthomonas);发酵结束后,厚壁菌门占主导,其中乳杆菌(Lactobacillus)和魏斯氏菌(Weissella)等乳酸菌是优势属。发酵底物是影响液体发酵饲料质量的重要因素,红糖与假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、黄单胞菌属(Xanthomonas)、魏斯氏菌属(Weissella)、片球菌属(Pediococcus)和乳杆菌(Lactobacillales)含量呈正相关。鱼粉与乳杆菌属含量呈负相关,与嗜冷杆菌属(Psychrobacter)、魏斯氏菌属和假单胞菌属呈正相关。豆粕含量与醋酸杆菌属(Acetobacter)、乳杆菌属、嗜冷杆菌属、魏斯氏菌属和片球菌属(Pediococcus)呈正相关。【结论】添加较高水平的红糖和豆粕、低水平的鱼粉能够提高液体发酵饲料中乳杆菌和魏斯氏菌等益生菌的丰度。
【Objective】Effects of major ingredients used in formulating fermented livestock forage on probiotics in animals fed with it were analyzed.【Method】Brown sugar,fish meal,soybean meal,and their combinations were used to formulate liquid culture media in an orthogonal experiment.Structure and diversity of the microbial community in the fermentation broths were determined using the high throughput 16S rDNA sequencing technique.【Result】The fermentation broth became darker as the concentration increased.The addition of soybean or fish meal raised the contents of organic matters and nitrogen,and the fermentation significantly altered the microbial community with a much-enriched diversity and abundance of the broth.At the beginning of the fermentation,Proteobacteria was the predominant phylum with Xanthomonas being the outstanding genus.In the end,Firmicutes with genera Lactobacillus and Weissella became dominant.The microbial community was significantly affected by the ingredients included in the fermentation medium.For instance,brown sugar enhanced the proliferation of Pseudomonas,Xanthomonas,Weissella,Pediococcus,and Lactobacillales,fish meal facilitated that of Psychrobacter,Weissella,and Pseudomonas but inhibited Lactobacillales,while soybean meal promoted the growth of Acetobacter,Lactobacillales,Psychrobacter,Weissella,and Pediococcus.【Conclusion】It appeared that a culture medium high on brown sugar and soybean meal but low on fish meal could significantly enhance the abundance of Lactobacillus and Weissella in the fermentation broth to be use as a forage for feeding the livestock.
作者
陈倩倩
刘欣
蓝江林
刘波
刘国红
史怀
阮传清
CHEN Qianqian;LIU Xin;LAN Jianglin;LIU Bo;LIU Guohong;SHI Huai;RUAN Chuanqing(Institute of Agricultural Biological Resource,Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences,Fuzhou,Fujian 350002,China)
出处
《福建农业学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第9期1037-1046,共10页
Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences
基金
福建省科技计划公益类专项(2022R1034006)
福建省高质量发展超越“5511”协同创新工程项目(XTCXGC2021019-ZYS02)
福建省级农业种质资源保护项目(ZYBHDWZX202207)
福建省农业科学院科技创新平台专项(CXPT202104)。
关键词
发酵底物
细菌群落
液体发酵饲料
高通量测序
相关性分析
Forage ingredients
microbial community
fermented liquid forage
high throughput sequencing
correlation analysis
