摘要
荀子在其认知理论中,一方面强调“礼义之道”应通过“下学”而“上达”,个体经由认知活动以“虚壹而静”之法解一隅之蔽,统合个体间的差异,达到相关共识,以获得有关整个社会秩序的普遍性知识,最终以道的观念性实现为前提推动治道的现实性实现。另一方面认为“师法”权威对于认知活动具有决定性作用,以“学”附丽于“教”,以“教”附丽于“政”。荀子希望这两方面可以互为前提,但事实上荀子更注重于“道”由上而下的实现,也对个体认知的差异性与批判性缺乏宽容的态度。因此,在荀子有关“学”论与“知”论、“道”与“道人”、道的现实性实现与道的观念性实现等论述中一直存在着难以弥合的矛盾与张力。
In his cognitive theory,on the one hand,Xunzi emphasized that "the way of propriety and righteousness" should be acquired through the learning of ordinary knowledge to understand the profound truth.Through cognitive activities,by using the method of emptiness,unity,and stillness,individuals integrated the differences between individuals,reached relevant consensus,obtained the universal knowledge about the entire social order,and finally promoted the realistic realization of governance on the premise of the conceptual realization of Tao.On the other hand,Xunzi believed that teachers and rules should play a decisive role in cognitive activities,with "learning" attached to "teaching",and "teaching" attached to "politics".Xunzi hoped that these two aspects could be mutually presupposed,but in fact Xunzi paid more attention to the realization of "Tao" from top to bottom,and also lacked a tolerant attitude towards the individual cognitive differences and criticism.Therefore,there have always been contradictions and tensions that are difficult to bridge in Xunzi's discussions of the realization of the reality of Tao and the conceptual reality of Tao about "learning" and "knowing","Tao" and "Taoist priests".
作者
胡延广
HU Yanguang(School of Humanities,Shanghai University of Finance and Economics,Shanghai 200433,China)
出处
《唐都学刊》
2023年第5期77-83,共7页
Tangdu Journal
关键词
荀子
认知思想
知
道
学
Xunzi
cognitive thought
knowing
Tao
learning
