摘要
目的:不同方法制取的油脂品质略有不同。传统冷榨工艺成本低,且可以避免高温对油脂营养成分的破坏或溶剂萃取带来的有机溶剂残留等问题,但缺点是出油率低,如用超临界CO_(2)流体萃取油粕,可提高油脂提取率。本文分析和比较了冷榨核桃油及核桃油粕超临界CO_(2)流体萃取后两种油脂的理化指标和主要营养成分。方法:核桃来自新疆阿克苏地区,先采用冷压榨方法提取油脂,然后采用超临界CO_(2)流体萃取法对油粕进行萃取,提取出剩余油脂,按照国家标准方法对两种核桃油的理化指标和主要营养成分含量进行了分析。结果:两种方法提取的核桃油理化指标均符合国家标准要求,酸价和过氧化值较低;两种油脂中脂肪酸组成相同,含量差异不大,共检测出8种脂肪酸,主要为亚油酸、油酸、α-亚麻酸,其中亚油酸含量最高,均超过62%,不饱和脂肪酸(UFA)总量高达90%以上,其中多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)含量超过75%;两种方法提取的核桃油中矿物质和微量元素含量少,常量元素中,超临界CO_(2)流体萃取的核桃油中钾含量高于冷榨法,分别为6.83 mg/100 g、2.87 mg/100 g,微量元素分析,冷榨法提取的核桃油中铁含量高于超临界CO_(2)流体萃取法,分别为0.71 mg/100 g、<0.10 mg/100 g;其他维生素及植物化学物分析,冷榨法提取的核桃油中维生素E含量高于超临界CO_(2)流体萃取法,而超临界CO_(2)流体萃取的核桃油中β-谷甾醇和角鲨烯含量低于冷榨法。结论:两种方法提取的核桃油理化性质良好,主要营养成分含量差异不大,富含PUFA和维生素E,营养价值高,两种方法优势互补。
【Objective】The quality of oil prepared by different methods is slightly different.Traditional cold pressing process has low cost,and the oil extraction can avoid the damage of nutrients at high temperature or the organic solvent residue caused by solvent extraction,but the disadvantage is low oil yield.For example,extraction of oil meal with supercritical CO_(2) fluid can improve the oil extraction rate.In this paper,the physicochemical parameters and main nutrients of cold-pressed walnut oil and walnut meal after supercritical CO_(2) fluid extraction were analyzed and compared.【Method】The oil of walnut oil from Aksu region of Xinjiang was extracted by cold pressing method,and then the oil meal was extracted by supercritical CO_(2) fluid extraction method to extract the remaining oil.The physicochemical indexes and the content of main nutrients of two kinds of walnut oil were analyzed according to the national standard method.【Result】The physicochemical indexes of walnut oil extracted by the two methods were in line with the national standard requirements,and the acid value and peroxide value were lower.The fatty acids in the two oils were the same,with little difference in content.A total of 8 kinds of fatty acids were detected,mainly linoleic acid,oleic acid andα-linolenic acid,among which the linoleic acid content was the highest,all of which were more than 62%,and the total amount of unsaturated fatty acid(UFA)reached more than 90%.The polyunsaturated fatty acid(PUFA)content was more than 75%.Among the major elements,the potassium content of walnut oil extracted by supercritical CO_(2) fluid extraction was 6.83 mg/100g and 2.87 mg/100g,respectively.The analysis of trace elements showed that the iron content of walnut oil extracted by supercritical CO_(2) fluid extraction was higher than that by supercritical CO_(2) fluid extraction,0.71 mg/100g and 0.10 mg/100g,respectively.Analysis of other vitamins and phytochemicals showed that the content of vitamin E in walnut oil extracted by cold pressing
作者
修雪燕
严欢
张倩
韩加
XIU Xue-yan;YAN Huan;ZHANG Qian;HAN Jia(School of Public Health,Xinjiang Medical University,Urumqi 830011,China;Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Analysis and Testing Research Institute,Urumqi 830011,China)
出处
《中国食物与营养》
2023年第10期21-24,共4页
Food and Nutrition in China
