摘要
目前我国破产法未明确管理人的法律地位,虽然各理论学说对此进行了有益探索,但解释力仍有不足。将管理人与利害关系人之间的关系塑造为信义关系,不仅是规制管理人自由裁量权的客观要求,也是推动信任机制良好运行的重要途径以及平衡协调各方利益关系的必然要求。管理人信义关系在受信人、信义关系性质以及信义义务对象上具有特殊性,突出体现为将实现社会利益的义务纳入其信义关系范围。不同程序类型的管理人地位具有异质性,不宜采用统一角色来认定。在清算程序中应将管理人认定为破产财产的代表。在重整程序中应区分不同模式,管理人管理模式下管理人可以视为企业董事,债务人自行管理模式下管理人应认定为监督人。在和解程序中,管理人在协议形成阶段是协调人,在协议执行阶段可以认定为监督人。应根据不同的管理人法律地位确定管理人信义义务范围,实现管理人法律地位与义务的良性互动。
At present,the legal status of the trustee is not clearly defined in China's bankruptcy law.Although various theories have given useful explorations on this,the explanation is insufficient.Shaping the relationship between trustees and stakeholders as fiduciary is not only an objective requirement for regulating trustees'discretion,but also an important way to promote the good operation of trust mechanism and an inevitable requirement for balancing and coordinating the interests of all parties.The fiduciary relationship concerning the trustee has special feature in terms of beneficiary,nature of fiduciary relationship and objects of fiduciary duties,with the duty to realize social interests being included in its scope.The status of the trustee in different procedural types is heterogeneous,so it is not appropriate to identify the trustee as a uniform role.The trustee should be recognized as the representative of the bankruptcy estate in liquidation proceedings.In reorganization proceedings,the trustees in different models should be distinguished.The trustee in the"Trustee in Possession"model can be regarded as a director of the enterprise,and the trustee in the"debtor in Possession"model should be recognized as a supervisor.In settlement proceedings,the trustee is the coordinator during the phase of concluding an agreement,while the trustee can be identified as the supervisor during the phase of enforcing such agreement.The scope of fiduciary duty of trustees should be determined according to different legal status,so as to realize the benign interaction between legal status and duties of trustees.
出处
《政治与法律》
北大核心
2023年第11期160-176,共17页
Political Science and Law
基金
国家社科基金一般项目“个人破产立法重大问题研究”(项目编号:20BFX126)的阶段性成果。
关键词
信义关系
系统信任
管理人法律地位
管理人信义义务
Fiduciary Relationship
Institutional Trust
Legal Status of the Trustee
Fiduciary duty of the Trustee
