摘要
2003年3月,美国率领的国际联军发动入侵伊拉克的战争,推翻了萨达姆政权,由此伊拉克被迫开启了新一轮民族国家构建的进程。2003年后伊拉克民族国家构建的背景包括美国的主导作用、什叶派和库尔德人的优势地位、暴力冲突持续不断的国内环境,以及周边国家和国际局势的影响。后萨达姆时代,伊拉克民族国家构建呈现以下主要特点:在政治领域,首先是政治体制的“去中央集权化”,包括改行联邦制、库尔德地区实行自治、军事力量的薄弱与分化;其次是确立以族群分权为基本特征的政治体制。在经济领域,表现为恢复石油生产、抑制统一市场的分裂、推进经济的市场化、推动货币制度的变革和改善遭受严重破坏的基础设施。在社会与文化领域,表现为部落的社会影响部分恢复、宗教社会影响力的起伏、中央政府和库区政府教育改革趋势的不同。
In March 2003,the United States-led international coalition launched the war against Iraq,overthrew Saddam Hussein' s regime,and Iraq began a new round of nation-state building process.The background of the nation-state building process in Iraq after 2003 includes the leading role of the United States,the dominant position of the Shi'ites and Kurds,the continuous domestic violence,and the influence of the surrounding countries and the international situation.The nation-state building process in Iraq in the post-Saddam era has the following main characteristics:in the political field,the first is the “decentralization” of the political system,including the establishment of the federal system,the implementation of autonomy in the Kurdish region,and the weakness and division of military forces;the second is to establish a political system characterized by ethnic decentralization.In the economic field,it is manifested in restoring oil production,suppressing the division of the unified market,promoting the marketization of the economy,promoting the reform of the monetary system,and improving the severely damaged infrastructure.In the social and cultural field,the social influence of religion is fluctuating,the social influence of tribes is partially restored,and the central government and the Kurdish area government promotes educational reform in different directions.
作者
黄民兴
史永强
Huang Minxing;Shi Yongqiang
出处
《西亚非洲》
北大核心
2023年第5期74-102,158,159,共31页
West Asia and Africa
基金
国家社科基金重大项目“新编中东国家通史(多卷本)”(LSYD21021)的中期成果。
