摘要
【目的】研究黏性红壤施用不同有机物料特制的商品有机肥对烟田土壤养分含量及土壤团聚体分布、烤烟产质量及肥料利用率的影响,为曲靖市烟区烤烟科学施肥提供技术支撑。【方法】以烤烟品种云烟100为材料,在云南曲靖红壤上,采用大田试验,设置化肥常规用量(T1,CK1),以及在配施化肥常规用量70%的基础上,分别配施商品有机肥A(T2)、商品有机肥B(T3)、商品有机肥C(T4),不施肥(T5,CK2)共5个处理。【结果】与处理T1(CK1)相比,T2、T3、T4处理的土壤pH增加0.14~0.31个单位,并提高了烟田土壤肥力,显著增加土壤有机质、水解性氮、有效磷和速效钾含量,增幅6.47%~42.79%;而施用3种有机肥处理的电导率较处理T1(CK1)显著下降20.03%~26.73%。T2、T3、T4处理的中大粒径团聚体(>5 mm、2~5 mm)含量较处理T1(CK1)分别显著增加69.28%、172.67%、90.89%,粉黏粒(<0.25 mm)含量较处理T1(CK1)分别降低4.61%、13.73%、7.37%。T3、T4处理促进烟株生长明显,其叶面积系数较处理T1(CK1)分别显著增加15.55%和10.60%。与处理T1(CK1)相比,T2、T3处理的增产率分别为13.19%、9.09%,其产值较处理T1(CK1)分别显著提高25.49%、20.35%。与处理T1(CK1)相比,T2、T3和T4处理中部烟叶总糖、还原糖和钾含量升高,总氮、烟碱含量降低,烟叶化学成分协调性更好。T2、T3和T4处理的氮素表观利用率和氮素生理利用率较处理T1(CK1)分别显著提高13.48%~27.46%和5.42%~17.81%。T2、T3、T4处理均能促进磷钾肥料吸收利用,以T3处理作用效果最好,T3处理磷素表观利用率和磷素生理利用率较处理T1(CK1)分别显著增加35.44%、36.07%;而T3处理钾素表观利用率与钾素生理利用率分别显著提高12.16%、13.08%。【结论】商品有机肥替代30%化肥有利于提高耕层土壤pH及土壤肥力,提升烟叶产量和品质,改善烤烟氮、磷、钾肥利用效率。
【Objective】The study aimed to explore effects of applying commercial organic fertilizer with different organic materials on soil nutrient content and aggregate distribution,yield,quality and nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P) and potassium(K) fertilizer utilization rate of flue-cured tobacco,and provide technical support for scientific fertilization of flue-cured tobacco in Qujing tobacco-growing area.【Method】 Using flue-cured tobacco variety Yunyan 100 as material,a field experiment was established in red soil in Qujing tobacco planting area,and five fertilization treatments were set up including T1(traditional chemical fertilizer,CK1),T2,T3 and T4(70% traditional chemical fertilizer combined with commercial organic fertilizer A,B and C,respectively),T5(without fertilizer,CK2).【Result】 Compared with treatment T1(CK1),treatments T2,T3 and T4 significantly improved soil pH by 0.14-0.31 units,and soil fertility was also improved.The contents of soil organic matter,available N,P and K were significantly increased by 6.47%-42.79%.Meanwhile,the conductivity of three organic fertilizers treatments was significantly decreased by 20.03%-26.73%.Compared with T1(CK1),the contents of large-size aggregates(5 mm,2-5 mm) in treatments T2,T3 and T4 were significantly increased by 69.28%,172.67% and 90.89%,and contents of powder clay( 0.25 mm) were decreased by 4.61%,13.73% and 7.37%,respectively.Compared with T1(CK1),T3 and T4 treatments significantly increased leaf coefficient by 15.55% and 10.60%,T2 and T3 treatments increased yield by 13.19% and 9.09%,and output values were significantly enhanced by 25.49% and 20.35%,respectively.Treatments T2,T3 and T4 increased total sugar,reducing sugar and potassium oxide in the middle leaf,and decreased total nitrogen and nicotine compared with T1(CK1),and chemical composition of tobacco leaves was more harmonious.Compared with T1(CK1),treatments T2,T3 and T4 significantly increased apparent and physiological nitrogen use efficiency by 13.48%-27.46% and 5.42%-17.81%,respectively.Trea
作者
张晓伟
刘加红
戴绍明
张轲
余小芬
邱学礼
邹炳礼
杨树明
ZHANG Xiao-wei;LIU Jia-hong;DAI Shao-ming;ZHANG Ke;YU Xiao-fen;QIU Xue-li;ZOU Bing-li;YANG Shu-ming(Yunnan Tobacco Quality Inspection&Supervision Station,Kunming 650106,China;Qujing Branch of Yunnan Tobacco Company,Qujing,Yunnan 655002,China;Agricultural Resources&Environment Institute,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Kunming 650205,China)
出处
《西南农业学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第8期1718-1724,共7页
Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences
基金
国家自然科学地区基金项目(31660358)
中国烟草总公司云南省公司科技计划项目(2021530000241034)
马龙红壤耕地保育与水土流失云南省野外科学观测研究站项目(202205AM070002)。
关键词
烤烟
土壤性质
商品有机肥
品质
氮肥利用率
Flue-cured tobacco
Soil properties
Commercial organic fertilizers
Quality
Nitrogen use efficiency
