摘要
针对宁夏银北盐碱地玉米种植存在重施氮肥、不施有机肥、产能低下、土壤结构板结等问题。基于常规施肥,建立有机肥氮替代不同比例化肥氮的田间试验,研究其对玉米生长发育、产量、氮素利用率及土壤理化性质的影响。结果表明:与常规施肥比较,有机肥氮替代处理对玉米株高、茎粗产生抑制作用,但提高了叶片SPAD值。随着有机肥氮替代比例减少,植株氮素总积累量表现为明显增加趋势,替代比例为20%处理下氮素积累量与生物产量分别较常规施肥显著增加26.02%、12.46%。有机肥氮替代处理显著提高氮素生理利用率,替代比例为20%的处理下氮素偏生产力与氮素农学效率最高。有机肥氮替代处理下土壤pH与全盐含量较常规施肥有所降低,但差异不显著,土壤有机质含量明显增加,替代比例为100%处理下土壤有机质含量较常规施肥增加11.05%,同时,该处理增加水稳性团聚体平均质量直径。产量与植株氮素及土壤理化指标相关性表明,籽粒产量与生物产量均与植株氮素积累量、土壤全氮相关性显著,而籽粒产量与水稳性团聚体平均质量直径、大团聚体含量、破坏率相关性显著。因此,本试验条件下,有机肥氮替代20%化肥氮处理对产量及氮素利用率提升效果显著,且对土壤理化性质改善也较为明显。
Focus on the problems of heavy application of N fertilizer,no application of organic manure,low production capacity,and soil structure hardening in maize cultivation in saline-alkali land of northern Yinchuan,a field experiment of substitute of proportions chemical fertilizer N with organic manure N was conducted to study its effects on maize growth and development,yield,N utilization efficiency and soil physicochemical properties compared with conventional fertilization.The results showed that compared with conventional fertilization,the substitute treatment of different proportions chemical fertilizer N with organic manure N inhibited the plant height and stem diameter of maize,but increased the SPAD value of leaves.With the reduction of the proportion of organic manure,the total N accumulation of plants showed an obviously increasing trend.The N accumulation and biological yield under the treatment of the substitute rate of 20%increased significantly by 26.02%and 12.46%,respectively,compared with conventional fertilization.The substitute treatment of different proportions chemical fertilizer N with organic manure N significantly improved the physiological utilization rate of N,and the N partial productivity and N agronomic efficiency were the highest under the treatment of the substitute ratio of 20%.Compared with conventional fertilization,soil pH and total salt content were reduced under the treatments of different proportions chemical fertilizer N substituted by organic manure N,but the difference was not significant,and soil organic matter content was significantly increased by 11.05%under the treatment of substitute rate of 100%.At the same time,this treatment increased the average mass diameter of water-stable aggregates.The results showed that both grain yield and biological yield were closely related to plant N accumulation and soil total N,while grain yield was closely related to the average mass diameter of water-stable aggregates,macroaggregate content and destruction rates.Therefore,under the condi
作者
李磊
司海丽
朱志明
纪立东
LI Lei;SI Haili;ZHU Zhiming;JI Lidong(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Yinchuan 750002,China;Ningxia Agricultural Technology Extension Station,Yinchuan 750001,China)
出处
《西北农业学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第7期1068-1077,共10页
Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica
基金
宁夏回族自治区农业高质量发展和生态保护科技创新示范项目(NGSB-2021-11-07)
宁夏自然科学基金(2021AAC03272)。
关键词
盐碱地
有机肥氮
氮素利用率
产量
理化指标
Saline-alkali land
Organic manure N
N utilization efficiency
Yield
Physical-chemical indexes
