摘要
“人禽之辨”是中国哲学的一个重要的命题,其所关注的是“人何以为人”的问题。在先秦汉唐时期,儒者主要是从德性的视角来分析这一问题。朱子在这一问题上,不同于他们的做法,而是转向从理气的视角来讨论。首先,他以理气为基点,分别从“理同气异“”气同理异“”气异理异”等维度讨论了人与动物的关系,指出人与禽兽的同异所在;接着,又在理气的基础上,阐明了人性与物性的区别,旨在说明,人虽具有物性,但更为人性;最后,在前两者的基础上,他又从人的反思和觉解的角度出发,提出了“推”的思想,以“能不能推”作为人和动物不同的关键,并以此确立人的主体性,这是朱子对人禽之辨问题的创新和贡献。注意到这一点,对于我们理解和把握朱子的哲学体系乃至宋明理学的发展都有很大益处。
The“distinction between man and animal”(人禽之辨)is an important proposition of Chinese philosophy,which focuses on the question of“why human being is human being(人)”.In the pre-Qin,Han and Tang dynasties,Confucianism mainly analyzed this problem from the perspective of virtue(德性).In the view of Zhu Zi,his discussion of the“distinction between human and animal”is mainly based on the perspective of“qi”(气),that is,the discrimination of human and animal from the dimension of qi and its relations.Specifically,it can be investigated from multiple dimensions such as“li-tong-qi-yi”(“理同气异”),“qi-tong-li-yi”(“气同理异”)and“li-yi-qi-yi”(“理异气异”).Then,on the basis of qi,he clarifies the difference between human nature(人性)and material nature(物性),aiming to show that although human has material nature,but more human;finally,on the basis of the former two,he puts forward the idea of“push”(推),from the perspective of“can push”as the key between human and animal,and to establish human subjectivity,which is the innovation and contribution of Zhu Zi in the distinction between human and animal.It is of great benefit for us to understand and grasp the philosophical system of Zhu Zi,even for the development of Neo-Confucianism in the Song and Ming Dynasties.
作者
王闻文
Wang Wenwen(Advanced Institute for Confucian Studies,Shandong University,Jinan,China)
出处
《社会科学论坛》
2023年第5期42-54,共13页
Tribune of Social Sciences
基金
2020年国家社会科学基金后期资助重点项目《传统儒家心灵哲学研究》阶段性成果,项目编号:20FZXA005。
关键词
朱子
人禽之辨
推
觉解
人性
物性
Zhu Zi
the distinction between human and animal
push
juejie
human nature
material nature
