摘要
相较于非法转移数据,非法使用数据具有根源性和直接性;非法使用数据行为不仅无法为现行刑法罪名所涵盖,也难以为其他法律有效规制。为了弥补刑法处罚漏洞,我国刑法需要推进对非法使用数据行为的入罪化进程。详言之,首先,非法使用数据犯罪应当与现有的侵犯数据安全犯罪入罪标准保持一致,符合法定性属性;其次,对于“非法使用”的理解,应当既包括未经数据主体许可使用数据的行为,也包括经数据主体同意合法收集其数据,却在收集之后违反前述规则、目的、方式及范围而使用其数据的行为;再次,关于“情节严重”,应当在参照非法转移数据情节严重情形的同时,根据非法使用数据行为造成的损失、行为类型以及数量综合进行判断;最后,应当将符合公共利益和数据控制者正当利益的情形作为该罪的出罪事由。
Compared with illegal data transfer,illegal use of data is original and direct.But it is unable to be covered by the charges of current criminal law in China,nor can it be effectively regulated by other laws.To make amends for the loophole of criminal punishment,the incriminating process of illegal use of data should be advanced.Firstly,the crime of illegal use of data should maintain the same standard as the existing crime of breaching data security,which conforms to the legality attribute.Secondly,the“illegal use”should include not only the conduct of using data without the permission of data subject,but also the conduct of using data,after lawful collection of data with the consent of the data subject,in violation of the aforementioned rules,purpose,manner,and scope.Thirdly,the“circumstances of aggravation”should be comprehensively judged in reference to the gravity of the circumstances of illegal data transfer,together with the damage of illegal use of data,and the type and quantity of behavior.Finally,cases in the public interest and the legitimate interest of data controller should be upheld as the decriminalizing causes of the crime.
作者
王惠敏
左大鹏
WANG Minhui;ZUO Dapeng
出处
《江汉大学学报（社会科学版）》
2023年第5期14-25,125,共13页
Journal of Jianghan University(Social Science Edition)
基金
2020年度司法部法治建设与法学理论研究专项任务课题“大数据背景下我国法治反腐的运行机制研究”(20SFB4037)。
