摘要
毛泽东在诗歌创作活动中曾撰写过“歌”。根据有关文献资料,他在湖南省立第一师范学校任学友会总务兼教育研究部部长时撰写并张贴的《征求启事》就是“歌”。《征求启事》是白话文四言启事,有四次使用了语助词“兮”字,具有先秦遗风的“歌”--而《诗经》的文体多为四言、有不少诗句使用了“兮”。故“兮”字的特地使用亦是判定《征求启事》是歌而不是“杂言诗”的一个关键。毛泽东能够创作歌,是他对《诗经》等经典有悉心阅读、欣赏和关注。此外“易水歌”“垓下歌”“大风歌”等这类名歌,毛泽东对它们也都熟悉。古代的歌或歌诗,多是口语化表达。历史地看,所谓歌多是一气呵成,是心性的发外,没有伪装,没有文饰,不刻意追求词句的精美,不大讲求对仗、平仄、用韵。这类歌,古来有之,今后也不会消失。而《征求启事》可视为歌的延续存在的一种特别方式。
Mao Zedong once wrote"songs"in his poetry creation activities.According to relevant literature,when he was in charge of Xueyou General Affairs and Education Research Department of the First Normal School in Hunan Province,he wrote and posted the Soliciting Notice,which is a"song".The Soliciting Notice is a four-character notice in vernacular Chinese,which uses the auxiliary word"xi"four times and has a pre-Qin style of"song"-while the style of the Shijing(the Book of Songs)is mostly four-character,and many lines use"xi".Therefore,the special use of the word"xi"is also a key factor in determining whether Soliciting Notice is a song rather than a"miscellaneous poem".Mao Zedong's ability to create songs was due to his careful reading,appreciation,and attention to classics such as Shijing(the Book of Songs).In addition,Mao Zedong was also familiar with famous songs such as"Yi Shui Ge","Caixia Ge",and"Da Feng Ge".Ancient songs or poems were mostly expressed in colloquial language.From a historical perspective,the so-called songs are mostly accomplished at a stretch,expressing the essence of one's heart,without disguise or embellishments,without deliberately pursuing the beauty of words and phrases,and without emphasizing the importance of contrast,tone,and rhyme.This type of songs exist throughout history and will not disappear in the future.Soliciting Notice can be seen as a special way of continuing the existence of this type of songs.
出处
《毛泽东思想研究》
2023年第5期126-133,共8页
Mao Zedong Thought Study
关键词
毛泽东
《征求启事》
歌
Mao Zedong
Soliciting Notice
song
