摘要
【目的】研究营养液EC值与滴灌频率对温室西瓜植株生长及果实产量、品质的影响,以期寻求营养液最优供给方式,为实现设施西瓜椰糠基质栽培过程中营养液的高效供给及标准化管理提供理论依据。【方法】试验以椰糠为栽培基质,设置了4个EC值水平(E_(1):0.15 mS·cm^(-1),E_(2):0.25 mS·cm^(-1),E_(3):0.35 mS·cm^(-1),E_(4):0.45 mS·cm^(-1))和2个灌溉频率(R_(1):2次·d^(-1),R_(2):4次·d^(-1)),采用两因素完全随机设计方法,共8组处理。【结果】西瓜不同生育期植株、根系形态指标及生物量随着营养液EC值的升高先增加后降低,团棵期(15 d)和坐果期(30 d)均以E2处理为优,膨果中期(45 d)茎粗和叶面积分别以E3和E2处理为优;成熟期(65 d)果实质量随EC值的增大持续下降,而可溶性固形物、可溶性糖含量及糖酸比等品质指标持续上升。低灌水频率(2次·d^(-1))显著提高了西瓜苗期(15 d)植株的茎粗、叶面积和根系形态参数,促进了根冠比的提高,有利于强苗的培养。高灌水频率(4次·d^(-1))显著提高了西瓜坐果期(30 d)茎粗、根总表面积、根体积和生物量,以及膨果中期(45 d)的茎粗;成熟期(65 d)单果质量以高灌溉频率为优,品质以低灌溉频率为优。此外,试验因素的交互作用对团棵期径粗、根系总长、根系表面积、根系鲜质量影响极显著(p<0.01),以E2R1组合最好;对坐果期株高和根系鲜质量影响显著(p<0.05),对茎叶生物量影响极显著,均以E2R2组合最好;成熟期果实品质以E4R1组合为优。【结论】团棵期EC值为0.25 mS·cm^(-1)、灌溉频率为2次·d^(-1),伸蔓至坐果期EC值为0.25 mS·cm^(-1)、灌溉频率为4次·d^(-1),果实膨大期EC值为0.15~0.25 mS·cm^(-1)、灌溉频率为4次·d^(-1),成熟期EC值为0.45 mS·cm^(-1)、灌溉频率为2次·d^(-1)的营养液分段灌溉方式能兼顾西瓜植株发育和果实品质良好。
【Objective】The study aimed to explore a kind of optimal supply mode of nutrient solution and provide a guidance basis for high efficiency and standardized management of the nutrient supplement for watermelon plants grown in coconut-coir substrate through investigating the effects of nutrient solution electrical conductivity(EC)and drip irrigation frequency on plant growth and fruit weight and quality.【Methods】The experiments were designed with 4 EC levels(E_(1),E_(2),E_(3),and E_(4) representing the EC of nutrient solution at 0.15,0.25,0.35 and 0.45 mS·cm^(-1),respectively)and 2 irrigation rate levels 2.94 cm 24.53 cm and 154.86 cm at the rosette stage,vine elongating stage and fruit setting stage,respectively.Furthermore,at rosette stage and/or fruit setting stage,this interaction on stem diameter,total root length,root surface area,root-shoot ratio and biomassreached extremely significant level(p<0.01),and the E2R1 was the optimum combination.In the formation stage of fruit yield and quality,with the increase of EC value,the fruit weight and organic acid of watermelon respectively decreased from 2.49 kg and 0.67%to 1.96 kg and 0.58%,while the soluble solids,soluble sugar and sugar/acid ratio respectively increased from 10.07%,5.89%and 8.87 to 10.39%,6.47%and 11.19%.Meanwhile,compared with the high irrigation frequency,the low irrigation frequency significantly reduced the fruit weight and organic acid by 6.41%and 11.94,and significantly increased the soluble solids,soluble sugar and sugar/acid ratio by 2.08%,6.20%and 11.94%,respectively.Therefore,the low irrigation frequency was beneficial to improving the fruit quality,and the high irrigation frequency was beneficial to increasing the fruit yield.In addition,the interaction of experimental factors only had an extremely significant effect on the fruit weight(p<0.01),and the treatment of E1R2 and E2R2 had the largest fruit weight,which were 2.52 kg and 2.65 kg,respectively.In the different combinations,the fruit quality of E4R1 treatment was optimum,inc
作者
杜少平
唐超男
马忠明
薛亮
班明辉
DU Shaoping;TANG Chaonan;MAZhongming;XUE Liang;BAN Minghui(Institute of Vegetables,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou 730070,China;Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou 730070,China;Institute of Soil,Fertilizer and Water-saving Agricultural,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou 730070,China)
出处
《果树学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第9期1932-1942,共11页
Journal of Fruit Science
基金
国家西甜瓜产业技术体系土壤与养分管理岗位(CARS-25)
甘肃省现代农业科技支撑体系区域创新中心重点科技项目(2020GAAS02)
中国和以色列创新合作示范项目。
关键词
西瓜
电导率
滴灌频率
椰糠
基质
Watermelon
Electrical conductivity
Drip irrigation frequency
Coconut-coir
Substrates
