摘要
【目的】适宜机栽的油菜毯苗密度大,个体小,抗逆能力差,研究不同氮肥用量对油菜毯苗农艺性状、生理指标以及栽后活棵率的影响,明确油菜机栽毯苗培育的适宜供氮水平。【方法】于2020和2021年份以秦优10号和宁杂158两个油菜品种为供试材料,在子叶期喷施0.25 g N/盘基础上,于一叶一心期设置0(不施氮肥)、0.5、1.0、1.5和2.0 g N/盘共5个氮肥用量处理,播种后30 d测定农艺性状和生理指标,机栽后10 d田间调查活棵率。【结果】播种后30 d每盘存苗数的变化范围为627—669,随着供氮水平增加,存苗数呈先增加后降低。不同部位的含氮率随着氮肥用量的增加逐渐增加,地上部含氮率高于地下部,碳素含量随着供氮水平的增加总体上呈降低趋势,地下部碳素含量高于对应的地上部碳素含量。地上、地下部碳氮比的变化范围分别为6.98—9.69和12.35—16.26,随着供氮水平的增加均表现为下降趋势。随着氮肥用量增加,油菜毯苗株高、单株叶面积、鲜重、干重和水分含量逐渐增加,其中以地下部鲜重的增加幅度最大,秦优10号和宁杂158两个油菜品种2.0 g N/盘处理的地下部鲜重平均值与不施氮肥处理相比增加幅度分别为106.3%和95.0%。根颈直径和栽后活棵率随着氮肥用量的增加呈先增加后降低趋势,相同年份和品种试验中根颈直径均以1.5 g N/盘处理最高,不同处理栽后活棵率的变化范围为81.7%—97.1%,以1.0和1.5 g N/盘处理较高,均在95%以上,并且两者之间无显著差异。【结论】油菜毯苗培育过程中,在子叶期喷施0.25 g N/盘基础上,一叶一心期喷施1.0—1.5 g N/盘时,机械移栽后每盘存苗数较高,根颈粗、含氮率和碳氮比值适宜,栽后活棵率高。
【Objective】The density of rapeseed blanket seedling suitable for mechanized transplanting is large and individual plant is small,so the adversity-resistant ability of rapeseed blanket seedling is poor.In order to determine the appropriate nitrogen(N)supply level,the effects of different N levels on the agronomic traits,physiological indexes and survival rate after mechanized transplanting were studied.【Method】In 2020 and 2021,two rapeseed varieties,Qinyou 10 and Ningza 158,were planted.On the basis of spraying 0.25 g N/tray at the cotyledon stage,five nitrogen fertilizer levels(0,0.5,1.0,1.5 and 2.0 g N/tray)were set at one-leaf and one-tip stage.The agronomic traits and physiological indexes were measured 30 days after sowing,and the survival rate was investigated 10 days after mechanized transplanting.【Result】At 30 days after sowing,the seedling numbers per tray ranged from 627 to 669,and the seedling numbers increased first and then decreased with the increase of N supply level.The increase of N supply level increased N contents,and the N content rates in shoots were higher than those in roots.The carbon(C)decreased in general as N level increased,and the C content rates in roots were higher than those in shoots.The variation range of C/N ratios in shoots and roots was 6.98-9.69 and 12.35-16.26,respectively,which showed a downward trend with the increase of N supply level.The plant height,leaf area,fresh weight,dry weight and moisture content increased gradually with the increase of N level,and among them,the increasing extent of the fresh weight in roots was the most.When N level increased from zero to 2.0g N/tray,the fresh weight in roots per tray in Qinyou 10 and Ningza raised by 106.3%and 95.0%,respectively.The root collar diameter and survival rate after planting showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing as increasing of N supply level.In the same year and variety experiment,the root collar diameter of 1.5 g N/tray treatment was the highest,and the survival rates ranged from 81.7%
作者
李静
钱晨
林国冰
王龙
李亦扬
郑经东
尤晶晶
冷锁虎
左青松
LI Jing;QIAN Chen;LIN GuoBing;WANG Long;LI YiYang;ZHENG JingDong;YOU JingJing;LENG SuoHu;ZUO QingSong(College of Agriculture,Yangzhou University/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops,Yangzhou 225009,Jiangsu)
出处
《中国农业科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第16期3100-3109,共10页
Scientia Agricultura Sinica
基金
国家重点研发计划(2018YFD1000900)
江苏省高等学校基础科学重大项目(21KJA210003)
江苏省级现代农业发展项目(YN2022-29)
扬州市现代农业项目(YZ2022055)。
关键词
油菜毯苗
供氮水平
碳氮比
水分含量
活棵率
rapeseed blanket seedling
nitrogen supply level
C/N ratio
moisture content
seedling survival rate
