摘要
清代蒙古地区买卖人口的违法犯罪行为较为猖獗,对边疆地区的社会危害尤为重大,不利于边疆人口的管理,也会造成社会动荡,因此打击人口买卖、保护妇女儿童对于当时的人口管理和社会稳定十分重要。从清代归化城土默特档案入手,解剖“蒙人布木伯尔等拐卖人口”这一典型案例,梳理清代土默特有关人口买卖的36份司法档案,可以较为完整地还原清代蒙古地区买卖人口犯罪与刑罚的基本特征。从中央与边疆部族的关系考察,也体现了中央法与地方法、中央与边疆地区的关系,《理藩院则例》中央法与《蒙古律例》地方法的内容互相尊重,体现了清代中央政府与蒙古地区的制衡关系和清政府治理边疆蒙古地区的政策与谋略。清代土默特档案中司法判决的相关内容显示出蒙古地区逐渐认同中央《大清律例》的趋势,也体现出其严惩买卖人口行为的立法态度和相应减轻处罚的司法实践操作。这种法律表达与司法实践的背离现象,充分展示了清代统治者在制定、执行法律时,既能坚守中华法系传统,又能灵活应对社会变迁的务实态度。
In Mongolia during the Qing Dynasty,the illegal and criminal acts of buying and selling people were rampant,which was particularly harmful to the society in the border areas.Starting from the Tumet archives of the Guihua City in the Qing Dynasty,the typical case of“Mongolian people like Bumuber abducting and selling people”can be anatomized to restore the basic characteristics of the crime and punishment of trafficking in people in Mongolia in the Qing Dynasty.From the perspective of the relationship between the central government and border tribes,it also reflects the relationship between the central law and local methods,as well as the relationship between the central government and border areas.The relevant judicial decisions in the Tumet archives show the trend that Mongolian regions gradually agreed with The Great Qing Legal Code Law,and also reflected their legislative attitude of severely punishing human trafficking and the corresponding judicial practice of mitigating punishment.This deviation between legal expression and judicial practice can not only stick to the tradition of the Chinese law,but also flexibly respond to the pragmatic attitude of social change.
作者
姬元贞
JI Yuan-zhen(School of Law,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)
出处
《河北学刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第5期186-193,共8页
Hebei Academic Journal
关键词
清蒙古地区
买卖人口
犯罪特点
法律适用
土默特档案
Mongolian regions in the Qing dynasty
buying and selling people
criminal characteristics
legal application
Tumet archives
