摘要
西周的礼仪制度,有吉、嘉、宾、军、凶五礼之说。吉礼是五礼之冠,主要是对天神、地祇、人鬼的祭祀典礼。从人类思想信仰观念来讲,西周吉礼的祭祀活动,主要是祭祀者通过肃穆、虔敬的宗教仪式与神灵进行精神交感,从而求得或者报答神灵的福佑,这是他们认为可以获得国祚绵长、福寿安康的方式。西周的事神致福活动反映了周人关于天、地、人关系的观念,是其幸福观的宗教建构。它既是统治者为获得王命永续、子孙多福、万邦来朝等政治目的运行机制,也是统治者为民祈福、教化民众、和合天下的手段。周人通过宗教层面的建构,为其追求物质生活幸福、政治生活幸福寻找到了在当时历史条件下的精神动力。它是在继承人类早期历史文化传统的基础上,关注了人在历史发展中的作用,开始了将社会治理的观念寓托于原始宗教观念中,使宗教观念开始转化为对人自身存在的确证和张扬,又通过这一观念警戒着社会主体在追求民生幸福的道路上加强自身道德修养,逐渐形成了西周时代的伦理等级秩序、集体道德和天下幸福观念。
The etiquette system of the Western Zhou Dynasty includes five aspects,known as the Five Rites of Ji,Jia,Bin,Jun,and Xiong.Among them,Ji is the first of the Five Rites,which is a sacrificial ceremony for the gods,earth creatures,and humans and ghosts.From the perspective of human thought and belief,the sacrificial activities of the Western Zhou Ji ceremony mainly involve the worshippers engaging in solemn and devout religious rituals to engage in spiritual interaction with the gods,in order to seek or repay their blessings.This is the way they believe they can achieve a long and healthy national legacy.The worship and blessing activities of the Western Zhou Dynasty reflect the Zhou people's concept of the relationship between heaven,earth,and human beings,which is the religious construction of their concept of happiness.It is not only a mechanism for rulers to operate for political purposes such as obtaining a perpetual throne,benefiting their descendants,and bringing nations to court,but also a means for rulers to pray for the people,educate the people,and reconcile the world.The Zhou people,through their religious construction,found spiritual motivation for their pursuit of material and political happiness under the historical conditions of that time.On the basis of inheriting the early historical and cultural traditions of humanity,it focuses on the role of human beings in historical development,and begins to embed the concept of social governance in primitive religious concepts,transforming religious concepts into confirmation and publicity of human existence.Through this concept,it also warns social entities to strengthen their moral cultivation in the pursuit of people’s happiness,thus gradually forming the ethical hierarchy order,collective morality,and the concept of global happiness in the Western Zhou Dynasty.
作者
刘晓燕
王紫祎
LIU Xiao-yan;WANG Zi-yi(Department of History and Tourism,Baoji University of Arts and Sciences,Baoji 721013,Shaanxi;School of Psychology,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi’an 710062,Shaanxi)
出处
《宝鸡文理学院学报（社会科学版）》
2023年第4期5-11,共7页
Journal of Baoji University of Arts and Sciences：Social Science Edition
基金
国家社会科学基金一般项目:春秋社会古礼转型研究(项目编号:19XZS004)。
关键词
西周
幸福观
宗教
建构
the Western Zhou Dynasty
view of happiness
religion
construction
