摘要
为提升高产油菜施肥管理效率,以高产、高含油甘蓝型油菜为材料,研究其矿质养分需求,以及养分差异对籽粒产量和含油量的影响。于2019-2020年油菜生长季开展盆栽试验,种植三类油菜品种:高产(H62,即华油杂62)、高含油量(Z19,即中油杂19)和对照(常规产量和含油量的H12,即华油杂12),监测它们在充足的养分供应条件下生物量和矿质养分含量的动态变化,研究籽粒产量和含油量的改变规律。结果表明:苗期后,H62氮含量较高,氮积累量始终高于H12(7.1%~24.5%);而Z19在薹期和角果期的钾镁含量均高于H12,钾积累量分别高出31.0%和10.7%,镁积累量分别高出68.5%和15.3%,而花后氮积累量显著低于H12。不同生育期品种间微量元素积累量差异较大:苗期H62微量元素含量和积累量均低于H12,薹期锰、铜、锌、硼的积累量比H12高出14.5%~125.7%而铁积累量比H12低,花后差异不同幅度的降低;Z19的锌积累量始终高于H12,薹期5种微量元素积累量均显著高于H12,角果期铁、锰、硼积累量显著高于H12。成熟期H62产量比H12高出10.8%,而Z19含油量比H12高出30.8%;H62与Z19分别通过提高籽粒产量和含油量提高产油量。路径分析表明,薹期是影响籽粒产量形成的关键,由氮含量的正效应主导,铁、锌含量积累量为正效应;而含油量主要受角果期影响,由角果生物量、镁含量和积累量的正效应及叶片生物量、氮含量和积累量的负效应主导。由此认为,油菜生产中,以高产为特性的油菜品种,在薹前可适当增加氮素供应以提高薹期氮含量;而以高含油量为特性的油菜品种,在花后可追施镁肥以促进高含油潜能的发挥。
To improve oilseed yield on rape(Brassica napus L.)by nutrient supply,mineral contents from dif-ferent cultivars at different growth stages were studied using pot experiment during rape growth seasons from 2019 to 2020.The cultivars included 3 types,high-yield cultivar(Huayouza 62,H62),high-oil content cultivar(Zhongy-ouza 19,Z19)and control cultivar with conventional seed yield and oil content(Huayouza 12,H12).The dynamic changes in ionomics content and plant biomass were measured,and the differences of seed yield and oil contents were also analyzed.Results showed that after seedling stage,N content of H62 was higher than that of H12,and its N accumulation rate was increased by 7.1-24.5%(compared with H12).At bolting and podding stages,the content of K and Mg in Z19 were higher than those in H12.As a result,K accumulation rates of Z19 in these 2 stages were 31.0%and 10.7%higher than those of H12,respectively.And Mg accumulation rates in Z19 were also higher by 68.5%and 15.3%,respectively.The difference in micronutrient accumulation rates among 3 cultivars varied clearly in different growth stages.At seedling stage,the micronutrient concentration and accumulation rate of H62 were low er than H12.And Mn,Cu,Zn,and B accumulation rate of H62 at bolting stage were higher than those of H12 by 14.5-125.7%,while Fe accumulation rate of H62 was lower than that of H12.The difference of micronutrient accu-mulation between H62 and H12 were decreased after flowering with different extents.The accumulation of Zn in Z19 was higher than that in H12 during growth.Moreover,the accumulation of 5 kinds of micronutrient in Z19 were significantly higher than those in H12 at bolting stage.Then,Fe,Mn,and B accumulation in Z19 were continued to be clearly higher than those in H12 at podding stage.Seed yield of H62 was 10.8%higher than H12.Oil content of Z19 was 30.8%higher than H12.By partial least squares path modeling analysis,it indicated that seed yield was mainly affected by bolting stage,dominated by the positive effect from N con
作者
胡文诗
李银水
顾炽明
代晶
谢立华
李小勇
秦璐
廖星
HU Wen-shi;LI Yin-shui;GU Chi-ming;DAI Jing;XIE Li-hua;LI Xiao-yong;QIN Lu;LIAO Xing(Oil Crops Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Im-provement of Oil Crops,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Wuhan 430062,China)
出处
《中国油料作物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第4期756-765,共10页
Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences
基金
国家重点研发计划(2020YFD1000900)
中国农业科学院科技创新工程重大科研任务(CAAS-ZDRW202105)
中国农业科学院科技创新工程(CAAS-ASTIP-2013-OCRI)。
关键词
油菜
生物量
矿质养分含量
产量
含油量
Brassica napus L.
biomass
mineral nutrient content
yield
oil content
